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Level C. Limited level of respiratory and skin protection from airborne hazards Full-face canister respirator (APR) Chemical-protective clothing with hood Inner and outer gloves Chemical-resistant shoes
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Level C • Limited level of respiratory and skin protection from airborne hazards • Full-face canister respirator (APR) • Chemical-protective clothing with hood • Inner and outer gloves • Chemical-resistant shoes • Optional items like hard hat, boot and glove covers, and possibly a five-minute escape pack
Level D • No respiratory and limited skin protection • Disposable coveralls • Safety shoes • Safety glasses or goggles • Hard hat • Gloves • Optional: five-minute escape pack for emergency egress
Limitations of PPE • Impairs mobility, vision, and communication • Incompatible with other PPE • Problems with mask fit (facial hair, dentures, glasses, caps, 10% body weight change) • Heat stress • Can cause physical and psychological stress • Hinders work performance and active work time
Respiratory Protection • Atmospheric hazards • Gases/Vapors • Particulates • Oxygen deficiency
Mask Fit Tests • Quantitative • Pass/fail pressure test using test agent • Qualitative • Smoke test
Types of Respirators • Air-purifying respirators (APR/PAPR) • Continuous flow respirators • Atmosphere-supplying respirators (SAR)
Air-Purifying Respirators • Utilize “purified” ambient air through a filtering element or absorbent cartridge • Negative pressure respirators
Air-Purifying Respirators • Limitations • Atmosphere that is “Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health” (IDLH) • Entry into area or confined space where exposure conditions have not been characterized • Inadequate warning properties of identified gases or vapors • Unknown service life of sorbent materials in respirator cartridges • High relative humidity
Air-Purifying Respirators • Disadvantages • Limited duration of protection • Limited protection • Constant monitoring • Detectable hazards only • Characteristics • Chemical cartridges • Mechanical filters
Air-Supplying Respirators • Air-line with escape SCBA • Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) • Limitations • The maximum MSHA/NIOSH approved hose length is 300 feet • Mobility impairment • The air lines are vulnerable to damage, contamination, or degradation • The worker needs to retrace steps when leaving the work area • Someone needs to supervise and monitor the air supply
Continuous Flow Respirators • Powered-air purifying respirator (PAPR) • Continuous flow of filtered air to the facepiece
Air-Purifying Respirators Warning properties are essential to safe use of air-purifying respirators since they allow detection of contaminant breakthrough should it occur
Air-Purifying Respirators RESPIRATOR CARTRIDGES/FILTERS COLOR APPROVED FOR Black Organic Vapors Yellow Organic Vapors and Acid Gases White Acid Gases GreenAmmonia and Methylamine PurpleHEPA, Dusts, Fumes and Mists Orangestripefor Dusts, Fumes and Mists in combination with vapor or gas
Air-Purifying Respirators APF Respirator 10 Half-facepiece Respirator with Vapor Cartridge or Filter 50 Full-facepiece Respirator with Vapor Cartridge or Filter 1,000 Full-facepiece Supplied Air Respirator operated in Pressure - demand mode. 1,000 to Full-facepiece Self-contained 10,000 breathing apparatus operated in Pressure demand mode
Decontamination • Purpose • To protect workers from contaminants • Removes or neutralizes contaminants that have accumulated on personnel and equipment • Protective clothing • Respiratory protection equipment • Tools and instruments • Vehicles • Other fixed facility equipment
Decontamination • Types of Contamination • Surface- Remains on the surface • Permeated- Go into or through
Decontamination • Rate of Permeation Factors Contact time Concentration Temperature Contaminant Molecule Size Physical State of Contamination
Decontamination Methods • Physical removal • Chemical removal • Combination methods
Equipment Decontamination • Degree of contamination • Non-cleanable parts • Discarded
Equipment Decontamination • Hand tools • Tables, shelves and pallets • Large equipment