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UNIT 1 BIOCHEMISTRY Part 2

UNIT 1 BIOCHEMISTRY Part 2. Hillis Textbook Chapter 2-3 Chem Properties. This week: Next Week:. Monday: Enzyme lecture Pre-Lab for homework Tuesday: LAB – ENZYME ACTION OF CATALASE Wednesday: Share out with the class – lab data and results. Homework study for exam and finish objectives

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UNIT 1 BIOCHEMISTRY Part 2

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  1. UNIT 1BIOCHEMISTRYPart 2 Hillis Textbook Chapter 2-3 Chem Properties

  2. This week: Next Week: • Monday: Enzyme lecture • Pre-Lab for homework • Tuesday: LAB – ENZYME ACTION OF CATALASE • Wednesday: Share out with the class – lab data and results. • Homework study for exam and finish objectives • Thursday: Exam 1 multiple choice and grid • Friday: Exam 1 free response portion • Monday: chemistry vocabulary and wrap-up • Tuesday: Biomolecules, hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis. Homework reactions/metabolism • Wednesday: Quiz of metabolism, Biomolecule card sort and chart completion for a grade! Pre-Lab handout for homework! • Thursday: LAB -TESTING FOR BIOMOLECULES! Practice using indicators to test for the presence in foods. • Friday: Share out with the class – lab data and results

  3. An AQUEOUS solution is water-based! (aq) Water is: Slight negative and slight positive pull makes it polar with hydrogen bonding! • Polar! • Consists of hydrogen bonding between water molecules • Sticky because of the bonding properties (cohesion – sticks to itself and adhesion – sticks to other things) • High heat of vaporization, high heat capacity! (this is why water balances our internal environment, as well as the environment in our ecosystems!  think of lakes and oceans)

  4. HYDROPHILIC vs. HYDROPHOBIC • Hydrophilic – having an affinity to water and capable of interacting with water through hydrogen bonding. • Look for polar groups… • Hydrophobic – tendency for non-polar substances to aggregate in an aqueous solution and exclude water. • Look for non polar groups… • Amphipathic/Amphiphiles – molecules with hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains. • When interacting with water, the polar ends will face out and non-polar ends will face in, to form a bilayer or a micelle. • Examples include detergents (soap bubbles) and the cell membrane.

  5. POLAR vs. NON-POLAR(How do you know?) Polar – electrons are distributed asymmetrically (ex. Water) POLAR COVALENT BOND: Bond in which electrons are unequally shared Non-polar – electrons are distributed more evenly (ex. Carbon Dioxide) NON-POLAR COVALENT BOND: Bond in which electrons are equally shared COVALENT BOND: Bond in which electrons are SHARED (which creates a very strong, stable attraction)

  6. Examples of Polar and non-polar molecules

  7. ACID vs. BASEAnd the relation to water disassociation • Water can disassociate (separate) into both acidic and basic properties. The H+ end contributes to an acid and the OH- end contributes to a base. Remember this word? H+ ions also symbolize protons! ACID! When dissolved in water BASE! When dissolved in water

  8. I thought –OH was a hydroxyl group!? … no, the hydroxide ion (OH-) comes from within the molecule, it isn’t added to it! HEY!!! Chemical formulas of acids and bases in water: pH: how acids and bases are measured depending on their strength. <7 is an acid and >7 is a base. 7 is neutral Buffers:Aqueous solutions that have a small amount of acid/base which will prevent pH change if a strong acid or base is added to it.

  9. Remember those functional groups? If the following groups are added to a molecule, it would change the property of that molecule! -OH -C=O -COOH -NH2 -SH -PO4 *BONUS –CH3 (methyl group) HYDROXYL (ALCOHOLS) make it polar and water-soluble (hydrophilic) CARBONYL (ALDEHYDE OR KETONE) make it polar and water-soluble CARBOXYL (CARBOXYLIC ACID)make it water-soluble and a weak acid AMINES (AMINO) make water-soluble, weak bases SULFHYDRYL (THIOLS) decrease polarity and water solubility PHOSPHATES are usually acidic It’s a hydrocarbon! Makes it hydrophobic and non-polar

  10. WORK ON YOUR OBJECTIVES! • OBJECTIVES ARE DUE SEPT 19th • WE HAVE ALREADY COVERED 9 of the 18. … YES, THAT IS HALF. P.S. let’s start practicing classroom procedures. I DO NOT like you out of your seat until the bell rings, unless otherwise instructed. THANK YOU!!!!!

  11. UNIT 1BIOCHEMISTRYPart 2 Hillis Textbook Chapter 2-3 Chem Properties

  12. This week: Next Week: • Monday: Enzyme lecture • Pre-Lab for homework • Tuesday: LAB – ENZYME ACTION OF CATALASE • Wednesday: Share out with the class – lab data and results. • Homework study for exam and finish objectives • Thursday: Exam 1 multiple choice and grid • Friday: Exam 1 free response portion • Monday: chemistry vocabulary and wrap-up • Tuesday: Biomolecules, hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis. Homework reactions/metabolism • Wednesday: Quiz of metabolism, Biomolecule card sort and chart completion for a grade! Pre-Lab handout for homework! • Thursday: LAB -TESTING FOR BIOMOLECULES! Practice using indicators to test for the presence in foods. • Friday: Share out with the class – lab data and results

  13. Water is: • __________________ • Consists of _________________________ • Sticky because of the bonding properties (_________________________________) • ___________________________________ (this is why water balances our internal environment, as well as the environment in our ecosystems!  think of lakes and oceans)

  14. HYDROPHILIC vs. HYDROPHOBIC • Hydrophilic – • Hydrophobic – • Amphipathic/Amphiphiles – • When interacting with water, the polar ends will face out and non-polar ends will face in, to form a bilayer or a micelle. • Examples include ____________________ _________________________________

  15. POLAR vs. NON-POLAR(How do you know?) Polar – _________________________________ (ex. Water) POLAR COVALENT BOND: Bond in which ____________________________ Non-polar – ______________________________ (ex. Carbon Dioxide) NON-POLAR COVALENT BOND: ____________________________________ COVALENT BOND: __________________________________

  16. Examples of Polar and non-polar molecules

  17. ACID vs. BASEAnd the relation to water disassociation • Water can disassociate (separate) into both acidic and basic properties. __________________ __________________ __________________ Remember this word? H+ ions also symbolize protons! _____ When dissolved in water _____ When dissolved in water

  18. Chemical formulas of acids and bases in water: pH: _____________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ Buffers: __________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________

  19. Remember those functional groups? If the following groups are added to a molecule, it would change the property of that molecule! -OH -C=O -COOH -NH2 -SH -PO4 *BONUS –CH3 (methyl group)

  20. MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE • BIOMOLECULES – macromolecules essential for living things to survive.

  21. Macromolecules • Smaller organic molecules join together to form larger molecules • macromolecules • 4 major classes of macromolecules: • carbohydrates • lipids • proteins • nucleic acids

  22. Polymers and monomers Polymers: Long molecules built by linking repeating building blocks in a chain Monomers: building blocks of the polymers! • Small, repeated units • Made from covalent bonding!

  23. H2O HO H HO H enzyme HO H You gotta be open to“bonding! How to build a polymer • Synthesis • joins monomers by “taking” H2O out • one monomer donates OH– • other monomer donates H+ • together these form H2O • requires energy & enzymes Dehydration synthesis Condensationreaction

  24. H2O HO H enzyme H HO H HO How to break down a polymer Breaking upis hard to do! • Digestion • use H2O to breakdown polymers • reverse of dehydration synthesis • cleave off one monomer at a time • H2O is split into H+ and OH– • H+ & OH– attach to ends • requires enzymes • releases energy Hydrolysis Digestion

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