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Therapy for Psychological Disorders: Approaches, Techniques, and Effectiveness

This chapter explores the different forms of therapy for psychological disorders, including insight therapies, cognitive therapies, behavior therapies, and biomedical therapies. It discusses the components of therapy, cultural variations, and the effectiveness of different treatment approaches.

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Therapy for Psychological Disorders: Approaches, Techniques, and Effectiveness

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  1. Chapter 13 Therapies for Psychological Disorders

  2. Therapy for psychological disorders takes a variety of forms, but all involve some relationship focused on improving a person’s mental, behavioral, or social functioning What is Therapy?

  3. What is Therapy? • Therapy –

  4. The Components of Therapy • In addition to the relationship between the therapist and the patient/client, the therapeutic process typically involves some or all of the following processes:

  5. Contemporary Approaches to Therapy • Psychological therapies –Based on psychological principles (rather than biomedical approach) • The psychological therapiesare often collectivelycalled ____________

  6. Contemporary Approaches to Therapy • Biomedical therapies –

  7. Types of Mental Health Care Professionals

  8. Cultural Variations • Treating mental illness varies widely across cultures:

  9. Psychologists employ two main forms of treatment: the insight therapies and the behavioral therapies How Do PsychologistsTreat Mental Disorders?

  10. Insight Therapies • Insight therapies –Psychotherapies in which the therapist helps patients/clients understand (gain insight into) their problems

  11. Insight Therapies • Talk therapies –

  12. Insight Therapies • Psychodynamic therapies –

  13. Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic Therapies • Psychoanalysis –The form of psychodynamic therapy developed by Sigmund Freud • Analysis of transference –

  14. Insight Therapies: Psychodynamic Therapies • Neo-Freudian psychodynamic therapies –

  15. Insight Therapies: Humanistic therapies • Humanistic therapies –Techniques based on the assumption that people have a tendency for positive growth and self actualization, which may be blocked by an unhealthy environment • Client-centered therapy – • Reflection of feeling –

  16. Insight Therapies: Cognitive therapies • Cognitive therapy – • Cognitive therapy for depression involves

  17. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy: A Synthesis • Cognitive-behavioral therapy

  18. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy: A Synthesis • Rational-emotive behavior therapy –

  19. Insight Therapies: Group therapies • Group therapy – Psychotherapy with more than one client • Self-help support groups –

  20. Insight Therapies: Group therapies • For many issues, couples counseling or family therapy can often be more effective than individual therapy with one individual at a time

  21. Behavior Therapies • Behavior therapy – Any form of psychotherapy based on the principles of behavioral learning, especially operant conditioning and classical conditioning

  22. Classical Conditioning Therapies • Systematic desensitization – • Exposure therapy –

  23. UCS (foul odor) UCR (nausea) CR CS (cigarette smoke) Classical Conditioning Therapies • Aversion therapy –

  24. Operant Conditioning Therapies • Contingency management – Approach to changing behavior by altering the consequences, especially rewards and punishments, of behavior

  25. Operant Conditioning Therapies • Token economies –

  26. Participant Modeling: An Observational-Learning Therapy • Participant modeling –

  27. Evaluating the Psychological Therapies • Eysenck proposed that people with non-psychotic problems recover just as well with or without therapy • Reviews of evidence have shown:

  28. Mental “First Aid” • If someone asks you for help, keep in mind that serious problems (especially those involving suicide or threats) require immediate professional treatment • Otherwise, your best tools may involve

  29. Biomedical therapies seek to treat mental disorders by changing the brain’s chemistry with drugs, its circuitry with surgery, or its patterns of activity with pulses of electricity or powerful magnetic fields How Is the BiomedicalApproach Used toTreat Mental Disorders?

  30. Drug Therapy • Psychopharmacology –

  31. Drug Therapy • Antipsychotic drugs • Tardive dyskinesia –

  32. Drug Therapy • Antidepressants and mood stabilizers • The use of antidepressants to deal with general feelings of unease is highly controversial

  33. Drug Therapy • Antianxiety drugs

  34. Drug Therapy • Stimulants suppress activity level in persons with ______________________ • There is controversy from concern that the causes and boundaries of ADHD are vague and the potential exists for overdiagnosis

  35. Psychosurgery • Psychosurgery – • The infamous prefrontal lobotomy is no longer performed • Severing the corpus callosum, however, can reduce____________________

  36. Brain-Stimulation Therapies • Electroconvulsive therapy is used ______________________ • Transcranial magnetic stimulation, a possible alternative to ECT, can also be used for the treatment of _______________________

  37. Hospitalization andthe Alternatives • Therapeutic community – • Deinstitutionalization –

  38. Hospitalization andthe Alternatives • Community mental health movement –

  39. End of Chapter 13

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