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Web technologies Tehnologii web

Web technologies Tehnologii web. Course 01 Introduction. lect. eng. Rajmond JÁNÓ, PhD. rajmond.jano@ael.utcluj.ro fb.com/ janorajmond Room E05. Welcome, my little guinea pigs!. Timetable – 3EA RO. Timetable – 3EA EN. Timetable.

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Web technologies Tehnologii web

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  1. Web technologies Tehnologii web

  2. Course 01Introduction lect. eng. Rajmond JÁNÓ, PhD rajmond.jano@ael.utcluj.rofb.com/janorajmond Room E05

  3. Welcome, my little guinea pigs!

  4. Timetable – 3EA RO

  5. Timetable – 3EA EN

  6. Timetable • Have your Office365 account (users and passwords) available for the very first laboratory!(http://o365.utcluj.didatec.ro/)

  7. C01 – Introduction • Course content • Bibliography • Evaluation methodology • The Internet vs. a network vs. the WWW • URLs, URIs, URNs • Protocols: HTTP • ISPs and DNSs • Communication speeds, media and equipment

  8. Course Content

  9. Course Content

  10. Course content Partial exam Final exam • C01: Introduction • C02: HTML • C03: CSS • C04: CSS • C05: SCSS, LESS, SASS • C06: CSS Frameworks • C07: JavaScript • C08: JavaScript • C09: JavaScript • C10: JavaScript • C11: jQuery • C12: Angular

  11. Bibliography • Courses • Laboratory activities • Bibliographical references will be given at the end of each lecture

  12. Possible Hiring Opportunities

  13. Evaluation Process • The evaluation process will consist of • 1 x Partial Exam (PE) – theory and problems (15 pts.) • 1 x Final Exam (FE) – theory and problems (20 pts.) • 2 x Laboratory tests (LT1, LT2) – practical exercises (25 pts., 30 pts.) • Final mark (FM) will be calculated as:FM* = round((PE + FE + LT1 + LT2 + 10)/10) * both LT1 and LT2 must be greater than 10 pts., otherwise you will have to recontract the class

  14. In Today’s Course • The Internet • The World Wide Web • How does it all work? • Identifying resources • Protocols • Equipment used

  15. What is “THE INTERNET”? The Internet ≠ The World Wide Web but related

  16. What is “THE INTERNET”? • 1960s – U.S. Department of Defense: development of ARPANET (research and academic) • 1969 – First message over ARPANET from UCLA1 to SRI2 • 1970s – Several packet switching networks: NPL, ARPANET, Merit, CYCLADES, Telenet, etc. I don’t understand I’m sorry? What? Telenet ARPANET NPL 1 University of California, Los Angeles 2 Stanford Research Institute, Los Angeles

  17. What is “THE INTERNET”? • 1970s – Common protocol: TCP/IP1 I understand now! Oh, now I get it! TCP/IP TCP/IP TCP/IP 1 Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

  18. What is “THE INTERNET”? • Internet = Inter + Network • Global network of networks

  19. What is “a network” then? • A group of interconnected computer systems (nodes) with the scope of communicating and exchanging data

  20. What is “a network” then? • A group of interconnected computer systems (nodes) with the scope of communicating and exchanging data • Nodes use the same protocol to communicate • Communication media can be wired or wireless

  21. What is “THE INTERNET”? • Internet = Inter + Network • Global network of networks School network Home network ISP #1 3 www.facebook.com ISP #2 Office network

  22. What is “THE World Wide WEB”? • An information-sharing model that is built on top of the Internet • Get, share and search data • Interconnects resource on the internet • Via hyperlinks referenced with URIs1 • Accessed via web browsers • Firefox, Chrome, Internet Explorer2, Safari, etc. • Resources are presented via web pages (websites) 1 Uniform Resource Identifier 2https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-6684697/Microsoft-cyber-security-chief-tells-users-stop-using-Internet-Explorer.html

  23. WEB Browsers

  24. How does it all work? 185.60.216.35Your ex-GF/BF’s profile DNS2 server Your ISP1 www.facebook.comYour ex-GF/BF’s profile Your local network Your public IP address The Internet (Servers) 1 Internet Service Provider (UPC, RDS/RCS, Telekom, Orange, etc.) 2 Domain Name System

  25. How does it all work? Your IP address Your ex-GF/BF’s profile info Request – Response Cycle Your ISP Your ISPYour ex-GF/BF’s profile info 1 Your local network Your public IP address The Internet (Servers) 1 Your ex is in a relationship…

  26. URI, URL, URN • URI – Uniform Resource Identifier • A string of characters used to identify a resource on the internet either by location or by name, or both Name: Rajmond Jánóor Address: room E05, str. George Baritiu, nr. 26-28, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

  27. URI, URL, URN • URL – Uniform Resource Locator • A string of characters used to identify a resource on the internet by location (address) Address: room E05, str. George Baritiu, nr. 26-28, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

  28. URI, URL, URN • URN – Uniform Resource Name • A string of characters used to identify a resource on the internet by name • Since two or more resources can have the same name, it is ineffective to use URNs Name: Rajmond Jánó

  29. URLs • A URL consists of two required components: • Protocol • Domain • Optional components • Subdomain • Path • Port

  30. URLs http://www.gmail.com/register.html Protocol Domain

  31. URLs http://www.gmail.com:80/register.html Protocol Port Domain Port – a software connection point used by the TCP/IP protocol and the connecting equipment (default if not specified)

  32. URLs http://www.gmail.com/subdir/register.html Protocol Path Domain

  33. URLs http://www.ael.utcluj.ro Protocol Domain Subdomain

  34. URLS • Beware of scams! www. wizzair. com-promo.ro Domain Subdomain

  35. URLs • Other components of URLS • Query strings https://www.imdb.com/find?q=Titanic&s=all • Fragments https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_737#Accidents_and_incidents

  36. Protocols • The WWW uses protocols as a way of accessing information: • HTTP, HTTPS • FTP, WebDAV • IMAP, POP3, SMTP … and many more

  37. HTTP • Hypertext Transfer Protocol • An application layer protocol that allows web-based applications to communicate and exchange data • The messenger of the web • TCP/IP based protocol used to deliver content (text, images, videos, audio, etc.)

  38. HTTP • Connectionless • After making the request, the client disconnects from the server, then when the response is ready, the server reestablishes the connection to deliver the response • Can deliver any data as long as both parties can understand it • Stateless • The client and server know about each other just during the current request and, if it closes, and the two parties want to connect again, they need to provide information to each other anew and the connection is handled as it would be the very first one

  39. HTTP messages

  40. HTTP Messages • The information in the three sections varies depending on the HTTP message and whether it is a request or a response HTTP response message HTTP request message

  41. HTTP Request Message HTTP version URI MethodA command that tells the server what to doe.g.: GET, POST Start line Headers

  42. HTTP Response Message HTTP status message HTTP version Start line Headers Body

  43. HTTP Status messages & CODES • 1xx (Informational): The request was received, continuing process • 2xx (Successful): The request was successfully received, understood, and accepted • 3xx (Redirection): Further action needs to be taken in order to complete the request • 4xx (Client Error): The request contains bad syntax or cannot be fulfilled • 5xx (Server Error): The server failed to fulfill an apparently valid request

  44. HTTP Status messages & CODES … and many more!

  45. HTTPS • Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure • Used for secure communication over a computer network, and is widely used on the Internet • The communication protocol is encrypted using Transport Layer Security (TLS) • Signals the browser to use an added encryption layer of SSL/TLS to protect the traffic

  46. File Transfer Protocols • FTP • File Transfer Protocol is a standard network protocol used for the transfer of computer files between a client and server on a computer network • WebDAV • Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV) is an extension of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) that allows clients to perform remote Web content authoring operations • The WebDAV protocol provides a framework for users to create, change and move documents on a server.

  47. E-Mail protocols • POP3 • Post Office Protocol (POP version 3) is an application-layer Internet standard protocol used by e-mail clients to retrieve e-mail from a mail server. • IMAP • Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) is an Internet standard protocol used by email clients to retrieve email messages from a mail server over a TCP/IP connection • SMTP • Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is an Internet standard for email transmission

  48. IP Addresses • Internet Protocol addresses • Numerical labels assigned to each device on a network • IPv4 (32-bit): 0.0.0.0 – 255.255.255.255 • IPv6 (128-bit): 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 - ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff • 172.16.254.1IPv4 = 2001:db8:0:1234:0:567:8:1IPv6 • Used for identification and addressing • Private or public • Can be assigned dynamically or statically (ISP/router dependent)

  49. Private IP Addresses 127.0.0.0 – loopback (localhost) address • Used primarily in local networks • Usually allocated by a local DHCP1 server (router) 1 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

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