Essential Question :

1. Essential Question: • How did the issue of slavery contribute to sectionalism in the late antebellum era? • CPUSH Agenda for Unit 5.3:

2. By 1840, abolitionism was the most important of the antebellum social reforms Arguments over slavery increased sectional tensions between North and South

3. What were the arguments for and against slavery? Brainstorm with a partner: Make arguments “for slavery” and “against slavery” Things to consider: Economic benefit Morality Pro Slavery The abolitionists

4. William Lloyd Garrison • Most famous abolitionist • Published The Liberator; formed American Anti-Slavery Society • Immediate end to slavery • Burned Constitution; Argued for Northern secession

5. Frederick Douglass • Abolitionist, former slave • “Slavery is wicked, a sin, violates liberty” • Helped runaway slaves • Published North Star • Advised President Lincoln

6. Grimke Sisters • Southern women who moved North to become abolitionists • Slavery is morally wrong • First women to speak to audiences with men (unladylike) • Threatened with jail if ever returned to South

7. Hinton Helper • White southerner who opposed slavery • Wrote Impending Crisis • Slavery is bad because it kept most whites poor & hurt the South • Racist against blacks; argued for segregation

8. John C. Calhoun • Supporter of slavery; “positive good” theory • States, not the national government, should decide if slavery should exist • Southern “way of life” • States should defy anti-slavery laws

9. George Fitzhugh • Southern aristocrat who supported slavery • Slaves are “inferior” • Slavery is better than Northern/British cruelty towards factory workers • Slavers were “better off” in America than Africa

10. “Who said it?” Quotes Examine each of the following historical quotations and determine which of the six people most likely said it Pro Slavery The abolitionists

11. #1 On this subject [of slavery], I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation. No! no! Tell a man whose house is on fire, to give a moderate alarm; tell him to moderately rescue his wife from the hand of the ravisher; tell the mother to gradually extricate her babe from the fire into which it has fallen; -- but urge me not to use moderation in a cause like the present. I am in earnest -- I will not equivocate -- I will not excuse -- I will not retreat a single inch -- AND I WILL BE HEARD. William Lloyd Garrison

12. #2 What, to the American slave, is your 4th of July? I answer; a day that reveals to him, more than all other days in the year, the gross injustice and cruelty to which he is the constant victim. To him, your celebration is a sham; There is not a nation on the earth guilty of practices more shocking and bloody than are the people of the United States, at this very hour. Frederick Douglass

13. #3 The negro slaves of the South are the happiest, and, in some sense, the freest people in the world. The children and the aged and infirm work not at all, and yet have all the comforts and necessaries of life provided for them. They enjoy liberty, because they are oppressed neither by care nor labor. The women do little hard work, and are protected from the despotism of their husbands by their masters. The negro men and stout boys work, on the average, in good weather, not more than nine hours a day. George Fitzhugh

14. “Growth of Abolition” Conversations For each of the six events highlighted on the timeline, with a partner, research the background information and create a specific conversation between the two people from their perspective on the issue of slavery Pro Slavery The abolitionists