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World Religions

Dive into the origins, beliefs, and practices of major world religions like Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism. Learn about key figures, holy texts, and important places of worship in a global context.

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World Religions

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  1. World Religions A Geographical Case Study

  2. Major World Religions / Philosophies • Judaism • Christianity • Islam • Hinduism • Buddhism • Sikhism • Confucianism • Daoism / Taoism • Animism / Tribal South West Asia India East Asia Africa / Americas

  3. World Religions / Philosophies

  4. World Religions / Philosophies

  5. World Population by Religion Fig. 6-1a: Over two-thirds of the world’s population belong to Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, or Buddhism. Christianity is the single largest world religion.

  6. Judaism Background • Abram is the patriarch of the Jewish faith • The Hebrew people come from the line of Abram / Abraham • Abram was called out of the city of Ur by God • Told to go to the “Promised Land” • Canaan / Modern Day Israel

  7. Judaism Background • A new perspective • Worship only 1 god • The ONLY god • New relationship • Covenant relationship • God was their God and they were His people

  8. Judaism Background • God sets rules for society / worship • Keep Sabbath day (Saturday) holy • Do not worship other gods • Cutting of hair • Foods not to eat • Pig, shellfish • Sabbath year (every 7 years) • Keep fields barren for 1 year

  9. Judaism Background Important Historical Figures

  10. Judaism Background Holy Texts

  11. Judaism • Important Places • Israel • The promised land • Jerusalem • The capital of the Jewish Kingdom • Temple Mount • The site of Solomon’s temple • The house of God • Western Wall / Wailing Wall • The only part left of Solomon’s temple

  12. Judaism • Groups • Orthodox • Adhere to traditional practices • Conservative • Tries to bring Judaism in line with the modern world • Reform • A halfway point between Orthodox and Conservative • Reconstructionist • God is not a being / a natural force

  13. Judaism • Place of worship • Synagogue • A meeting place of discussion • There is no temple so Jewish people need a place to meet • Led by Rabbi

  14. Judaism • Where are they now? • Jewish state • Created in 1947 • After WWII • Europe • Diaspora • United States • New York

  15. Christianity Background • Monotheistic • Has foundations in Jewish tradition • Based on teachings of Jesus of Nazareth • 33 AD • Son of God • God in Human form • Jesus is the prophesied Jewish Messiah of the OT • Salvation and forgiveness of sins through substitutionary death • Replaces Jewish sacrificial system

  16. Christianity Background • Salvation through grace and faith

  17. Christianity Background • Spreads with Disciples and first missionaries • Initially an outlawed / banned religion • Becomes a recognized Roman religion with Emperor Constantine • Battle of the Milvian Bridge • Becomes the official religion of the Roman Empire in 312 AD • Emperor Theodosius

  18. Christianity Background • Spreads more with European expansion of imperialism and colonialism • 90% of the Western Hemisphere are professing Christians

  19. Christianity Background Important Figures

  20. Christianity • Holy Text • Bible • Inspired Writing • “Many writers, one author” • Contains OT and NT

  21. Christianity • Important Places • Jerusalem • Place of Crucifixition, Burial, Resurrection of Jesus

  22. Christianity • Place of Worship • Church • Cathedral • Lead by Priest / Pastor / Reverend

  23. Christianity • Groups • Roman Catholic • Eastern Orthodox • Protestants • Differ on Church leadership / authority

  24. Christianity • Groups • How can I tell the difference?

  25. Milan Cathedral

  26. Christianity • Where are they now? • Western Europe / South America / Central America • Catholic • North America / Parts of Western Europe / Africa • Germany / Austria / England • Protestant • Eastern Europe / Russia • Orthodox

  27. Islam Background • Monotheistic • Has foundations in the Jewish traditions • Based on the teachings of Muhammad • Muhammad is the last and greatest prophet of “Allah” • Hebrew Yahweh and Christian God

  28. Islam Background • Covenant children through Ishmael • Son of Abraham and Hagar • Salvation through belief in Allah and Muhammad and keeping of the 5 Pillars

  29. Islam Background • 5 Pillars • Statement of Faith • Hadj • Charity • Prayer • 5x per day • Fasting • Ramadan

  30. Islam Background • Begins in Mecca with Muhammad • First converts travel to Medina • Muhammad conquers Mecca • Islam spreads with Muslim military conquest • 632 AD – Death of Muhammad • 732 AD – Battle of Tours

  31. Islam Background • Fastest Growing Religion • 2 largest religion

  32. Islam Important Figures

  33. Islam • Holy Texts • Koran • Revelations to Muhammad by Angel Gabriel • Must be read and kept in Arabic • Sunna • Traditions of how Muhammad lived his life • Not accepted by all Muslims

  34. Islam • Important Places • Mecca • Birthplace of Muhammad • Medina • First place that accepted Muhammad and Islam • Jerusalem • Place where Muhammad ascended into heaven

  35. Islam • Place of Worship • Mosque • Place of Meditation / Prayer • Teaching not as important • Lead by Imam • No / few decorations • No pictures / statues

  36. Islam • Groups • Sunni • Largest group • More “liberal” interpretations • Followers of Abu Bakr • Shia • More orthodox • Direct line of Muhammad • Majority in Iran

  37. Islam • Where are they now? • SW Asia • Central Asia • Indonesia • North Africa • Central Africa • Europe • Mainly by immigration / not conversion. Due to Muslim conquest / Expansion of Empires

  38. Sikhism Background • Blending of Islam and Hinduism • Monotheistic • Founded by Guru Nanak • 1469 • Highest teacher is the Guru • Only 10 Gurus in Sikhism • Last died in 1708

  39. Sikhism Background • 20 million practitioners • Mainly in Northern India

  40. Sikhism Background • Believe in transmigration of the soul • Final form is the human form • Merge with God by living a “good” life • Keep teachings of the Gurus • May not cut hair • Wear certain clothing / items • Men will wear turbans • Equality among all people / sexes

  41. Sikhism Important Figures

  42. Sikhism • Holy Text • Guru Granth Sahib • Writing and poems of the 10 Gurus • Follow this text for correct living • Considered not only a holy text, but a living, spiritual being

  43. Sikhism • Important Places • Sikhs tend not to revere particular places • Holiest of places is the Golden Temple in Amritsar, India

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