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Chapter 5

Chapter 5. Adjectives and Adverbs. Lesson 1: What is an Adjective?. An adjective is a word that modifies, or describes , a noun or a pronoun. Adjectives help you see, feel, taste, hear, and smell all of the things you read about. The noisy crowd cheered for Daria. Adjectives.

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Chapter 5

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  1. Chapter 5 Adjectives and Adverbs

  2. Lesson 1: What is an Adjective? • An adjective is a word that modifies, or describes, a noun or a pronoun. • Adjectives help you see, feel, taste, hear, and smell all of the things you read about. • The noisy crowd cheered for Daria.

  3. Adjectives • They make sentences more interesting and more descriptive. • She sped along the track on her bicycle. • She sped along the narrow track on her sleek bicycle.

  4. Adjectives • Adjectives answer the questions: • What kind? • Fast riders • Which one? • First lap • How many? • Five teams

  5. Articles as Adjectives • Articles • These words are the most commonly used adjectives. • A, an, the

  6. Articles • A and an are indefinite articles. They will come before a noun that names a nonspecific person, place, thing, or idea. • Use a before a noun beginning with a consonant. • Use an before a noun beginning with a vowel.

  7. Articles • The is a definite article. It points to a specific noun.

  8. Forming Adjectives • Forming Adjectives • Many adjectives are formed by altering common nouns. • Storm (noun) = stormy (adjective) • Child (noun) = childish (adjective)

  9. Proper Adjectives • Proper adjectives are formed from proper nouns. • Asia (noun) = Asian (adjective) • Spain (noun) = Spanish (adjective) • Proper adjectives are always capitalized.

  10. Lesson 2: Predicate Adjectives • A predicate adjective is an adjective that follows a linking verb and describes the verb’s subject. • The airplanes were strange. • They were large, heavy, and dangerous.

  11. Linking Verbs • Common linking verbs are the forms of be: am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been.

  12. Other Linking Verbs • Predicate adjectives can also follow linking verbs that are not a form of be. • Sam felt anxious about the airplane flight. • The airplane’s compartments felt warm.

  13. Lesson 3: Other Words Used as Adjectives • Many nouns and pronouns can be used as adjectives. They can modify nouns to make their meanings more specific.

  14. Pronouns as Adjectives • Demonstrative pronouns: this, that, these, and those are demonstrative pronouns that can be used as adjectives. • This phone has a dial. • That phone has a keypad.

  15. Possessive Pronouns as Adjectives • Possessive Pronouns: my, your, our, her, his, its, and their are possessive pronouns that are used as adjectives. • Your phone is lighter. • My phone has better reception.

  16. Indefinite Pronouns as Adjectives • Indefinite pronouns: all, each, both, few, most, and some can be used as adjectives. • Originally, few people believed in the idea of the telephone. • Today, most households have at least two phones.

  17. Nouns as Adjectives • Words that are normally nouns can be used as adjectives. • Renata’s family just opened up an internet account. • This account should help her complete school projects.

  18. Lesson 4: What is an Adverb? • An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.

  19. Adverbs • Adverbs answer the questions: • How? • Patiently, loudly, carefully • Where? • Inside, there, everywhere • When? • Sometimes, daily, always • To what extent? • Extremely, nearly, almost

  20. Placement of Adverbs • Placement of adverbs in a sentence can vary. • An adverb that modifies an adjective or another adverb is generally placed just before the word it modifies. • An adverb that modifies a verb can be placed after the verb, before the verb, or at the beginning of a sentence. • The rocket ascended suddenly. • The rocket suddenly ascended. • Suddenly, the rocket ascended.

  21. Intensifiers • Intensifiers are adverbs that modify adjectives or other adverbs. They are usually placed directly before the word they modify. They usually answer the question “to what extent?”. • We covered our ears very quickly at the shuttle launch. • Common intensifiers: almost, especially, extremely, very, usually, quite, too, really, so.

  22. Forming Adverbs • Forming Adverbs • Many adverbs are formed by adding the suffix –ly to an adjective. Some words will require spelling changes before adding –ly. • Sudden = suddenly • True = truly • Heavy = heavily

  23. Lesson 5: Making Comparisons • Adjectives and adverbs can be used to compare people or things.

  24. Comparative Forms of Adj. and Adv. • Use the comparative form of an adjective or adverb when comparing a person or thing to one other person or thing. • For most one syllable modifiers and some two syllable modifiers, add –er to form the comparative. • For some two syllable words and other larger words, add the word more before the adjective or adverb. • The Titanic was larger than the Olympic. • It traveled faster than the other ship. • Sam is more cheerful than Julie in the morning.

  25. Superlative Form of Adj. and Adv. • Use the superlative form of an adjective or adverb when comparing someone or something with more than one other thing or person. • For most one syllable words and some two syllable words, add –est to form the superlative. • For some two syllable words and other larger words, add the word most before the adjective or adverb. • In fact, the Titanic was the largest ship of all. • Of the fleet’s ships, the Titanic raced the fastest. • He is the most famous person I have ever met.

  26. Irregular Comparisons • Irregular Forms of Comparison • Good, better, best (adjectives) • Bad, worse, worst (adjectives) • Well, better, best (adverbs) • Much, more, most (adverbs) • Little, less, least (adverbs)

  27. Lesson 6: Adjective or Adverb? • Some pairs of adjectives and adverbs are often a source of confusion and mistakes in speaking and writing.

  28. Good and Well • Good is always an adjective. It modifies a noun or a pronoun. • The ice-cream sundae was a good invention. • Well is always an adverb. It modifies a verb, an adverb, or an adjective. • Well is only an adjective when it refers to health. • Ice cream sold well. • He doesn’t feel well.

  29. Real and Really • Real is always an adjective. It must modify a noun or a pronoun. • Medical inventions can make a real difference. • Really is always an adverb. It must modify a verb, adverb, or adjective. • A few inventions have really changed how we live.

  30. Bad and Badly • Bad is an adjective and must modify a noun or pronoun. • A bad illness can require medicine. • Badly is an adverb and must modify a verb, adverb, or adjective. • I did badly on the last science quiz.

  31. Lesson 7: Avoiding Double Negatives • A negative word is a word that implies that something does not exist or happen.

  32. Common negative words: • barely, hardly, never, none, nothing, can’t, hasn’t, no, no one, nowhere, don’t, neither, nobody, not, scarcely

  33. What is a double negative? • If two negative words are used where only one is needed, the result is a double negative. Avoid double negatives in your speaking and writing.

  34. Fixing Double Negatives • I can’t hardly believe someone created pajamas for dogs. • Correct: _____________________________________________ • Or: _____________________________________________

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