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Chapter 13 Taxes. Understand the purposes of income and other taxes. Contrast the purpose of taxes and financial reporting. Distinguish between the cash and allocation approach to taxes. Liabilities: Taxes. Taxing subject Seinfeld ….. Ward and June Beav and Wally Eddie Haskel
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Chapter 13 Taxes • Understand the purposes of income and other taxes. • Contrast the purpose of taxes and financial reporting. • Distinguish between the cash and allocation approach to taxes.
Liabilities: Taxes • Taxing subject • Seinfeld….. • Ward and June • Beav and Wally • Eddie Haskel • Go to your room!
Why Taxes? • Five purposes of taxes • Any preferences…. • So…purpose of Taxes vs. Financial Accounting
Liabilities - Taxes • Taxes on the Income Statement, Exhibit 13.2… • Inconsistency? • Leads to accounting problem.
Accounting for Taxes • Accounting options • cash: tax = tax paid • allocation: tax = EBT x Tax rate…. • Tax payable based on return. • Tax expense based on ni. • Balancing dr. or cr.?
Tax Allocation • Pro: • extension of accrual • matching • smoothing ni • evens (not Evans) out. Exhibit 13.3 • Con: • an expense….? • smoothing ni • not even out. Exhibit 13.4 • uncertainty in I/S: tax changes • fictional accounting • So…perfectly appropriate and perfectly consistent leads to confusing and controversial accounting.
Taxes • Pronouncements • APB O11 (1967) Comprehensive allocation and deferred charges and credits • SFAC 3 (1980) oops. No deferred charges and credits allowed. • SFAS 96 (1987, deferred 3 times) double oops. Asymmetrical tax assets and liabilities. • SFAS 109 (1992) asset if >50% !
Taxes: Conclusions • 3 Difficult Questions • 1. Are taxes an expense? • 2. Can you have a liability….. • 3. What’s the event?
Taxes • Discussion Case 13.1: Rustbelt Manufacturing, GAAP vs. CF! • Updates….