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LITERARY ELEMENTS

Learn about the different elements that make up a story's plot, including exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution. Explore the various types and subtypes of conflict, the importance of setting, and different points of view. Discover the central themes, symbolism, and methods of characterization used by writers. Gain an understanding of literary techniques such as foreshadowing, irony, flashback, tone, mood, simile, metaphor, alliteration, personification, onomatopoeia, and hyperbole.

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LITERARY ELEMENTS

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  1. LITERARY ELEMENTS ENGLISH 12

  2. PLOT • Describes the structure of the story. It shows the arrangement of events and actions within a story.

  3. EXPOSITION • The start of the story, the situation before the action occurs.

  4. RISING ACTION • The series of conflict and crisis in the story that lead to the climax.

  5. CLIMAX • The turning point, the most intense moment.

  6. FALLING ACTION • All of the action which follows the climax.

  7. RESOLUTION • The conclusion, the tying up of all loose ends.

  8. CONFLICT • The dramatic struggle between two forces in a story. Without conflict, there is no plot!

  9. TYPES OF CONFLICT • Internal-Within one’s self • External-Outside of one’s self

  10. SUBTYPES OF CONFLICT • Character vs. Character (External) • Character vs. Nature (External) • Character vs. Society (External) • Character vs. Self (Internal)

  11. SETTING • The time and place in which the story takes place.

  12. POINT OF VIEW • The point of view from which the story is told. • Types: • Omniscient • Limited Omniscient • First Person

  13. THEME • The central idea of the story.

  14. SYMBOLISM • A symbol represents an idea, quality, or concept larger than itself.

  15. CHARACTERIZATION • The method used by a writer to develop a character. • Types of characterization: • Direct • Indirect

  16. CHARACTER • Protagonist • Antagonist

  17. FORESHADOWING • Early clues about what will happen in a later piece of fiction.

  18. IRONY • A difference between what is expected and reality.

  19. FLASHBACK • Starts in present day and goes back to the past.

  20. TONE • The author’s attitude toward a subject.

  21. MOOD • The climate of feeling in the story.

  22. SIMILE • Comparison using like or as.

  23. METAPHOR • Comparison is not announced with like or as.

  24. ALLITERATION • Repeating consonant sounds.

  25. PERSONIFICATION • Giving the qualities of a person to an object, animal, or idea.

  26. ONOMATOPOEIA • Words that mimic sounds.

  27. HYPERBOLE • An exaggerated statement to heighten effect.

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