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HARDWARE

HARDWARE. Chapter 16. I’m ONLY a machine!. What is a Computer?. A computer is an information processing machine I t can only follow the instructions it is given. What is Hardware?. Hardware refers to all the parts of the Computer we can touch. A Basic Computer has 5 Hardware devices:

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HARDWARE

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  1. HARDWARE Chapter 16

  2. I’m ONLY a machine! What is a Computer? • A computer is aninformationprocessing machine • It can only followthe instructions it is given

  3. What is Hardware? • Hardware refers to all the parts of the Computer we can touch. • A Basic Computer has 5 Hardware devices: • Monitor • Mouse • Keyboard • Printer • System Unit

  4. What is Software? • Software refers to all the programs and data that we use with the computer. • Examples • Appleworks • Microsoft Office • A program is a set of instructions which tell the CPU what to do

  5. Things a computer must have: • A Processor • The brain of the computer • A Memory • To remember the programs and data that it uses • 3) Input devices • To enter information into the computer • 4) Output devices • To show us what it has done to our information • 5) Backing storage Devices • To save our information

  6. Data and Information • Information we input is stored as Data • Information has a meaning to us (We understand it) • Telephone Number: 0141 876 7654 • Car Licence Plate: H789 IOS • Date of Birth: 24 05 87 • Data has no meaning to us (made up of symbols) • 01417761652 • H789IOS • 240586

  7. INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT Input – Process – Output Data is INPUT into the computer (Input device) Data is PROCESSED to produce useful information (CPU) Information is then OUTPUT(Output device)

  8. OUTPUT PROCESS INPUT More Input – Process – Output • This raw material is processed. • When the processing is completed a useful thing is produced • Data is the RAW MATERIAL

  9. MAIN MEMORY CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU) OUTPUT DEVICES INPUT DEVICES BACKING STORAGE DEVICES Input – Process – Output

  10. Main Memory • TheMain Memory is responsible for storing the parts of a program(s) and data which are in current use. • It isIMMEDIATE ACCESS STORE.

  11. 0000 0000 0101 0101 1111 1111 0000 0001 0000 0010 0000 1111 0000 0000 0000 0011 0000 0100 0101 0101 1100 11 00 0000 0101 MEMORY ADDRESSES STORAGE LOCATIONS 0000 0110 0101 0101 0000 0111 1111 0000 0000 1000 0101 0101 MAIN MEMORY A picture ofMain Memory is below:

  12. ADDRESSABILITY • The computer stores each item in its memory in a storage location. • A single storage location can hold one byte (a character) • Each storage location has a unique address so that, once data has been stored there, it can be found again later when it’s needed • The amount of memory a computer has depends on the number of storage locations

  13. Main Memory Chips • Random Access Memory Chip • Read/Write memory • Stores programs and data temporarily • Contents are lost when computer is switched off • Read Only Memory Chip • Stores programs and data permanently • Contents are not lost when computer is switched off • Stores the Operating System RAM ROM

  14. Micro Chips • Made of a material called silicon • Held on a printed circuit board inside the computer • Made up of thousands of tiny components • Very small size and work very fast • Produced very cheaply

  15. Size of Computers Smallest • Palmtop Computer • A small computer that can be held in the palm of your hand • Laptop Computer • A small portable computer that you can rest on your lap • Desktop Computer • A computer which normally sit on a desk and runs off the mains • Mainframe Computer • Very powerful computers able to process 1000’s of times more information a second than a desktop Biggest

  16. Mainframe Computer • The largest type of computer. • Used in large organisations • Banks, Police • Internet Service Provider’s • Hundreds of people may use it at the same time • Cost - millions of pounds.

  17. Mainframe Computer • Mainframe computers: • are very big in size – normally take up a whole room • are extremely fast in operation • have very large memories • have a wide range of software and hardware • need air conditioning because of the heat theygenerate

  18. Backing Storage • Backing Storage is used to store our programs and data • We need Backing storage because our data is lost from Main Memory when the computer is turned off • Capacity of Backing Storage • Quantity of data that can be held on backing storage medium • Floppy Disk • CD ROM • Each medium has a different capacity • Floppy Disk 1.44 Megabytes • USB Memory Stick 16 Mb up to 2 Gb

  19. Types of Access • Random (Direct) Access • Ability to locate data straight away, wherever it is stored and open it up • Fast access to files • Sequential Access • Retrieving data in the order that it was stored • Slower access to files

  20. Access Devices • Random (Direct) Access • Floppy Disk Drive • Hard Disk Drive • CD-ROM Drive • Sequential Access • Tape Drive

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