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ᏣᎳᎩ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ 132

ᏣᎳᎩ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ 132. ᏦᎢᏁ ᎢᎦ , ᎧᎦᎵ 19, 2014. Framework for Stem Practice. We can use the verb – advn- ‘ do ’ to structure stem practice for verb words that take Tsi-/G- Set Pronouns. Present: Do iyusdi advneha? Imperfective: Do iyusdi advneho i? Immediate: Do iyusdi advga?.

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ᏣᎳᎩ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ 132

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  1. ᏣᎳᎩᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ 132 ᏦᎢᏁᎢᎦ, ᎧᎦᎵ 19, 2014

  2. Framework for Stem Practice We can use the verb –advn-‘do’ to structure stem practice for verb words that take Tsi-/G- Set Pronouns. Present: Do iyusdi advneha? Imperfective: Do iyusdi advnehoi? Immediate: Do iyusdi advga?

  3. Hadida! Rise Up! Do advnha nogwu? Do advnehoi? Do advga?

  4. Nihi nigada nogwu. Describe action in First Person Singular. Gadidia. I am getting up. Nigohilv nvhgi ayeli iyuwanhilv gadidisgoi. Always at 4:30 o'clock I get up. Gadida nole gadanv'isdiha. I just got up and I'm ready.

  5. Nihi nogwu. Pretend to get up while your partner peppers you with questions. Do hadvneha? Do hadvnehoi? Do hadvga?

  6. Verb Stems Overview Each complete Cherokee verb has five stem forms: • Present • Imperfective • Immediate • Perfective • Infinitive

  7. Verb Overview We have looked most closely at Agi-/Agw- Verbs. Agi-/Agw- Verbs exceptionally take Agi-/Agw- Set Pronouns in all forms.

  8. Agwaduliha. I want it.

  9. Uduliha. • Uduliha. She wants it. Present • Agwaduliha. I want it. Present • Udulihv’i. He wanted it. Perfective Past • Udulisgo’i. She wants it. Imperfective Hab • Tsadula! Want it! Immediate • uduhldi for him want it Infinitive Udawesolvsdohdi uduliha. He wants to rest. Note Pronoun Set does not change.

  10. Verb Overview Most Verbs are not Agi-/Agw- Verbs. Tsi-/G- Verbs take Tsi-/G- Set Pronouns in the Imperfective, the Present, and the Immediate. Tsi-/G- Verbs take Agi-/Agw- Set Pronouns in the Perfective and the Infinitive.

  11. Verb Overview Tsi-/G- Verbs take Tsi-/G- Set Pronouns in the Imperfective, the Present, and the Immediate. Gadvneha. I am doing it. g- ‘I’ pronoun Tsi-/G- Verbs take Agi-/Agw- Set Pronouns in the Perfective and the Infinitive. Agwadvnelv’i. I did it. agw- ‘I’ pronoun

  12. Most Important Stems The Imperfective and the Perfective verb stems are the most important. Imperfective indicates an ongoing situation in the present, past, or future. Perfective indicates a complete situation in the present, past, or future.

  13. Tsi-/G- Verb Words Present Verb Words, Immediate Command Verb Words, and Imperfective Habitual Verb Words generally take Tsi-/G- Set Pronouns to form Verb Word Sentences. -alsgia 'dancing Present' > Galsgia! -alsgi 'dance Immediate Command' > Halsgi! -alsgisg- 'dancing Imperfective' > Galsgisgoi.

  14. Present The Present Stem describes situations that are happening now, at the time of speech. Do iyusdi hadvneha nogwu? What are you doing now? Galsgi’a. Gatsinula galsgi’a. Uwoduhi galsgi’a. I am dancing. I am dancing fast. I am dancing beautifully.

  15. Immediate Command The Immediate Stem has two core meanings. • Immediate Command: A command for certain immediate future situation. • Immediate Past: A statement of just past and currently relevant past situation. Halsgi! Dance! Uwoduhi halsgi! Dance beautifully!

  16. Imperfective Stem The Imperfective Stem combines with a set of Stem Final forms that indicate the Speaker's Perspective on and the Temporal Location of the situation described by the verb. -alsgisg- 'dancing Imperfective' H-alsgisg-ei-tsu? Were you dancing? Unknown. G-alsgisg-oi. I dance. Situation at several times.

  17. Nihi nigada nogwu. Your partner, Ulsgisdi ulvgwdi. She likes to dance. Ask her what she is doing, what she does, and what she has just done. Galsgia. I am dancing. Galsgisgoi. I dance. [Uwoduhi.] Galsgi. I just danced.

  18. Alsgi’a.

  19. Alsgi’a. • Alsgi’a. She is dancing. Present • Galsgi’a. I am dancing. Present • Ulsgisv’i. He danced. Perfective Past • Alsgisgo’i. She dances. Imperfective Hab • Halsgi! Dance! Immediate • ulsgisdi for him to dance Infinitive NB: Pronoun Set changes according to verb structure.

  20. That was an overview. Focus on Singular Person Present: Galsgi’a. I am dancing. Halsgi’a. You are dancing. Alsgi’a. He is dancing. A-stem structure g- ‘I’ h- ‘you’ a- ‘she/he/it’

  21. Advneha. Durbin Feeling 1975 Cherokee-English Dictionary

  22. Advneha • Advneha. She is doing it. Present • Gadvneha. I am doing it. Present • Udvnelv’i. He did it. Perfective Past • Advneho’i. She does it. Imperfective Hab • Hadvga! Do it! Immediate • udvnhdi for him to do it Infinitive Osda hnadvga! ‘You have done well!’ Note Pronoun Set change according to verb form.

  23. Framework for Stem Practice We can use the verb –advn-‘do’ to structure stem practice. Present: Do iyusdi advneha? Imperfective: Do iyusdi advneho’i? Immediate: Do iyusdi advga? Perfective: Do iyusdi udvnele’i? Infinitive: Do iyusdi udvnhdi uduliha?

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