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Java support for WWW

Java support for WWW. Babak Esfandiari (sources: Qusay Mahmoud, Roger Impey, textbook). Java support…. The URL class Applets Servlets and JSPs…. The URL class. A facility to retrieve objects from the network Decodes the object based on its extension

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Java support for WWW

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  1. Java support for WWW Babak Esfandiari (sources: Qusay Mahmoud, Roger Impey, textbook)

  2. Java support… • The URL class • Applets • Servlets and JSPs…

  3. The URL class • A facility to retrieve objects from the network • Decodes the object based on its extension • For example, a .gif file will generate an Image object • Can be extended to any object type that you want • The objects must obviously be addressable by a URL • So far, support for “http:” and “file:” • Can be extended to support “ftp:” and others

  4. URL class example URL url = new URL(http://java.sun.com/index.html); InputStream in = url.openStream(); … Or: URL url = new URL(http://java.sun.com/duke.gif); Image im = (Image) url.getContent(); • An HTTP connection is made • See full URL doc

  5. Java Applets • Client-side • See code sample in course web site

  6. Servlets • What is a servlet? • Servlets vs. CGI scripts • How do they work? • Example

  7. What is a Servlet? • A server-side technology • Designed to overcome some limitations of existing technologies (e.g. CGI is stateless) • Characteristics: • A light-weight task that can be executed as a thread • A servlet can remain in memory (a CGI script terminates when it finished) • Advantages: • A servlet can service multiple client requests • Can handle multiple clients without reloading/reinitialization

  8. Servlets…. • Servlets are written in Java • Can be used to: • Generate dynamic contents • Talk to databases • Work with cookies • Session management

  9. How do they work? HTTP Receive Request Engine Create Thread Servlet Gen Response Send Response

  10. Servlet Framework • The package: javax.servlet • At the top level there are three interfaces: • ServletConfig, Servlet, Serializable • The servlet interface: init() service() destroy() getServiceConfig() getServiceInfo()

  11. The GenericServlet • It is an abstract class that implements Servlet public abstract GenericServlet implements Servlet, ServletConfig, Serializable { void init() abstract void service() void destroy() ServletConfig getServletConfig() String getServiceInfo() void log() }

  12. The HttpServlet • It is an abstract class that extends the GenericServlet abstract class • It provides a convenient framework for handling the HTTP protocol • These two classes (GenericServlet and HttpServlet) ease the task of writing servlets • In the simplest case, you need to provide implementation for service()

  13. Life cycle of a servlet • Servlet is loaded into memory by server: init() • Servlet processes client requests: service() • Servlet is remove by server: destroy() • service() is responsible for handling incoming client requests • public void service(ServiceRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException • Delegates HTTP requests: doGet() & doPost()

  14. Retrieving Parameters • Use: • public String getParameter(String name) • public String[] getParameterValues(String name) • So if you have a parameter name “username” in a form then to retrieve the value use: • String name = request.getParameter(“username”);

  15. Example: • Consider the following form: <form action="RequestParamExample" method=POST> First Name:<input type=text size=20 name=firstname> <br> Last Name:<input type=text size=20 name=lastname> <br> <input type=submit> </form>

  16. Example…. • In a browser, this would look like: • When “Submit Query” is clicked we have the output: • First Name := Qusay • Last Name := Mahmoud

  17. Example • The servlet: public class RequestParams extends HttpServlet { public doPost(HttpServletRequest re, HttpServletResponse response) { PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); out.println("<html><body><head><title>test</title></head"); out.println("<body>"); String firstName = req.getParameter("firstname"); String lastName = req.getParameter("lastname"); out.println("First Name := " + firstName + "<br>"); out.println("Last Name := " + lastName); out.println("</body></html>"); } }

  18. Servlets for WAP • It is possible to use Servlets to generate WML PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); out.println("<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>"); out.println("<!DOCTYPE wml …etc"); out.println("<wml>"); out.println("<card title=\"MobileDate\">"); out.println(" <p align=\"center\">"); out.println("Date and Time Service<br/>"); out.println("Date is: "+ new java.util.Date()); …etc

  19. What else? • Programming cookies and keeping track of sessions is easy with Servlets….APIs provided for this • Explore Cookies and Session Management on your own! • Something to think about: handheld devices do not support cookies, so how do you keep track of sessions??

  20. JSP • Server-side technology • Enables you to embed Java code within an HTML document • JSP documents have the extension .jsp • When an HTTP request is received, the compilation engine converts the JSP document into a Java Servlet then the servlet will be loaded • Java code is embedded between <% and %>

  21. Example // file: hello.jsp <html><head><title>example</title></head> <body> <% String visitor = request.getParameter(“user”); if (visitor == null) visitor = “there”; %> Hello, <%= visitor %>! </body> </html>

  22. Example • Request parameters are passed into JSP pages using normal HTTP parameter mechanisms (using GET and POST) • Therefore, for the hello.jsp: • If invoked with: http://host…/hello.jsp it will print “Hello, World!” • If invoked with: http://host…/hello.jsp?user=Mary, it will print: “Hello, Mary!”

  23. JSP for WAP <?xml version…> <!DOCTYPE…etc> <%response.setContentTyp("text/vnd.wap.wml") %> <wml> <card title="MobileDate" Date and Time Service<br/> Date is: <%= new java.util.Date() %> </card> </wml> Or you can use the PAGE directive…

  24. What else? • Additional characters may appear after the initial <%, such as !, =, or @ to further prescribe the meaning of the tag • <%! Double radius = 3.5; %> • <%= 2 * Math.PI * radius %> • <%@ include file=“notice.html” %> • It is possible to create re-usable components with JSP using Java Beans • Explore on your own!

  25. HTTP Servers • If you don’t have access to an HTTP server, I’d recommend that you install Jakarta-Tomcat for your personal use ….so you explore Servlets and JSP further…. • http://jakarta.apache.org/tomcat

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