www.kdheks.gov

1. www.kdheks.gov Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

2. Kansas City Ozone Update March 2008 Kansas Air Quality Seminar Presented by Thomas Gross

3. Overview • Ground Level Ozone • KC Region Ozone History • Current Status - Violation • 8-hour Ozone Maintenance Plan • Contingency Measures • Future Activities Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

4. Ozone Primer • Identical to upper atmosphere ozone • Caused by reaction of volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) • Highest when conditions are hot, sunny and calm • VOCs and NOx emitted by cars, trucks, small businesses, utilities & large industry • Can trigger breathing problems, especially in those with respiratory conditions Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

5. Causes of KC Ozone • Natural background levels • Transport • Homegrown • Other factors • Clean Air Interstate rule • Tier 2 Vehicle and fuels rule • Heavy Duty Diesel rule • Regional Haze rule • Voluntary programs • Flint Hills burning Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

6. 2002 KC Area NOx Emissions Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

7. 2002 KC Area VOC Emissions Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

8. 8-Hour Ozone Standard • 2003 - EPA transitioned from 1-hour to 8-hour standard • NAAQS 8-hour standard = 0.08 ppm (80 ppb) • Due to rounding EPA allows up to 84 ppb • Design value • Worst monitor in planning area • Based on a rolling three-year average • To meet standard, the design value must be lower than 85 ppb Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

9. KC Region Ozone History • From mid-1970s through early 1990s, KC did not meet 1-hour ozone standard • In 1992, area was redesignated attainment for 1-hour ozone standard • Area violated 1 hour standard in mid-1990s • Area has met the 1-hour standard in recent years Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

10. KC Region Ozone History • KC designated “unclassifiable” in June 2004 • Result of Flint Hills burning • KC designated “attainment” in June 2005 • fluke of weather – record cool summer in 2004 • 2005 & 2006 ozone seasons were high Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

11. Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

12. Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

13. Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

14. Effectiveness of Controls Estimated location of highest 8-hr ozone concentration Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

15. So what are we doing to fix the problem? Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

16. Clean Air Action Plan • Coordinated by MARC • Developed in 2004 • Comprehensive voluntary plan for reducing emissions • Targets both stationary and mobile sources • Short, intermediate and long-term measures Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

17. Area Source ReductionPrograms • Solvent metal cleaning rule • Technical Seminars • Lawn and Garden • Printing • Painting • Solvent metal cleaning Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

18. Mobile Source Reduction Programs • Low RVP gasoline • Gasoline tank truck vapor testing • Ozone alerts • Bus RideShare • Gas cap testing programs • Employee carpool incentive program • AirQ workplace initiative • Idle reduction seminars Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

19. EPA Regulatory Options • Maintenance Plan • SIP Call • Nonattainment Designation • Curtails economic development • Less flexibility in selecting control options • Transportation plan conformity with SIP • Potential sanctions for failure to meet standard • AND a bunch of additional work for KDHE Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

20. What Happened? • KDHE developed Maintenance Plan • EPA approved the plan • KC violated the 8-hour ozone standard on June 15, 2007 • Triggered contingency measures in the plan • EPA agreed to allow implementation of the plan Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

21. What now? • Implementation of Maintenance Plan’s Phase I contingency Measures • Heavy duty diesel idle reduction rule • Large NOx source emission reductions • Maintenance Plan includes additional measures if air quality does not improve • Phase II menu of options • Includes triggers for implementation Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

22. Phase I - Contingency Measures • Kansas – Phase I • Idle Reduction Rule • NOx RACT rule for point sources > 1000 tons of actual emissions per year • Boilers • Furnaces • Missouri – Phase I • Idle reduction rule • NOx RACT rule for point sources >1000 tons of actual emissions per year (CAIR) Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

23. Idle Reduction Rule • In Kansas & Missouri • Commercial, public and institutional heavy-duty diesel vehicles • Idle no more than 5 minutes in any 60 minute period • Exceptions • Load/Unload locations • shall cause no vehicles covered by this regulation to idle for a period greater than 30 minutes in any 60 minute period Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

24. NOx Emission Limits • Coal fired boilers • NOx emission rate of 0.23 lb/MMBtu • Furnace – flat glass • NOx emission rate of 7.0 lb/ton glass produced Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

25. Time Frame for Phase 1 Controls • Violation occurred during the 2007 ozone season • EPA letter to states validating data on September 12, 2007 • States begin regulation implementation • Idle rule and NOx rule under review • EPA target for implementation of controls is 24 months after EPA letter Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

26. Phase II – Triggers • Phase II contingency measures triggered if: • Three consecutive years exceeding 84 ppb • Single three-year design value of 89 ppb • Investigate any three-year design value over 84 ppb Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

27. Potential Phase II Control Measures • NOx RACT rule for point sources >100 tons per year • NOx RACT rule for large NOx sources (>1000 tons) in Miami and Linn Counties • Open burning restrictions • Lower threshold for VOC RACT rules to 75 tons per year • VOC control for Architectural and Industrial Maintenance Coatings • Diesel Engine Chip Re-flash regulation Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

28. Future Plans for KC • Implement Phase I contingency measures in Johnson and Wyandotte Counties. • Implement voluntary emission reduction programs • Continue to evaluate Phase II controls • Effectiveness • Timely • Cost Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

29. QUESTIONS ORCOMMENTS ? Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.

30. Thomas GrossBureau of Air and RadiationKansas Department of Health & EnvironmentCurtis State Office Building1000 SW Jackson, Suite 310Topeka, Kansas 66612www.kdheks.govvoice 785.296.1692fax 785.296.1545tgross@kdhe.state.ks.us Our Vision – Healthy Kansans living in safe and sustainable environments.