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Overweight and Obesity. Theresa Staley Jordan Knoepfel. Key Facts. Obesity has doubled since 1980 More than 40 million children under the age of five were overweight in 2011 65% of world’s population live in overweight countries
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Overweight and Obesity Theresa Staley Jordan Knoepfel
Key Facts • Obesity has doubled since 1980 • More than 40 million children under the age of five were overweight in 2011 • 65% of world’s population live in overweight countries • 35% of adults aged 20+ were overweight in 2008 (11% were obese) • In 2008, over 1.4 billion adults 20+ were overweight (500 million were obese)
Why Is This A Growing Trend? • Many low and middle income countries are facing a “double burden” of disease • Exposure to high-fat, high-sugar, high-salt, energy-dense, micronutrient-poor foods (lower in cost but lower in nutrient quality) • Children are more vulnerable to inadequate prenatal, infant and young child nutrition
Predictions (2030) • 2.16 billion overweight individuals, 1.12 million obese (with adjusting for secular trends) • If trends continue, by 2030 up to 57.8% of the world’s adult population (3.3 billion people) will be overweight or obese)
WHO (World Health Organization)Response • Adopted by the World Health Assembly in 2004 • Developed a global strategy on diet, physical activity and health • Governmental Involvement • Public Awareness • Promotion of healthy foods • National Dietary Guidelines • National Physical Activity Guidelines
Why This Population? • Key issue due to its growing frequency • Will continue to grow if modern society doesn’t make changes • It is preventable • Through study, it is possible to combat obesity making diseases less frequent
Population Characteristics • 120 overweight and mildly obese men and women ages 40-65 years old • Live in Durham, North Carolina or surrounding area • Sedentary lifestyle, BMI of 25-35, non-diabetic, non-hypertensive • LDL levels between 130-190 mg/dL, HDL levels less than 40 mg/dL for men and 45 mg/dL for women (dyslipidemia) • No individuals with metabolic diseases, musculoskeletal diseases, or coronary heart disease were allowed
Research Goal • To determine what amount of daily exercise for adults should be recommended for weight loss, maintenance, and general overall health
Research Testing • Subjects were randomized into three different groups based upon intensity • Group one exercise- high amount at vigorous intensity, 20 miles a week at 65-80% of VO2max • Group two exercise- low amount of vigorous intensity, 12 miles a week at 65-80% of VO2max • Group three exercise- low amount of moderate intensity, 12 miles a week at 40-55% of VO2max • Group one was to expend 23 kcal/kg of body weight a week. Groups two and three were to expend 14 kcal/kg per week
Data Collection • Dietary evaluations conducted to ensure subjects maintained caloric intake • Height measurement, two baseline weight measurements, and two end body weight measurements were administered to avoid daily fluctuations • Body composition was taken using the sum of four skinfolds (abdominal waist, minimal waist, hips, thigh circumference)
Test Results • There is a relationship between exercise and the variables of body weight, composition, skinfold, and circumference • Group one showed greater results than the other two groups regarding weight change, lean body mass percent, fat mass, skinfolds, and hip circumference • Exercise duration has a greater effect than intensity! • Minimal level of walking six miles a week or exercise of same caloric expenditure should be baseline for adults
