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NES. EFFICACY IN CONTROLING POWDERY MILDEW & MITES SUMMERY OF FIELD TESTS IN APPLES. BY Dr. Hadass Cohen. Control of Powdery Mildew of Apples, Podosphaera leucotricha, by Nes. infested. non- infested. Field Trial I - Northern Israel. Materials & Methods. Crop: Apple Variety : Galaxy

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  1. NES EFFICACY IN CONTROLING POWDERY MILDEW & MITESSUMMERY OF FIELD TESTS IN APPLES BY Dr. Hadass Cohen

  2. Control of Powdery Mildew of Apples,Podosphaera leucotricha, by Nes infested non- infested

  3. Field Trial I - Northern Israel Materials & Methods • Crop: Apple • Variety: Galaxy • Location: Golan Heights, Nisanov’s orchards • Application of Spray: drench with knapsack sprayer • Date of Applications: 19/05/05; 26/05/05 • Tested Treatments: • Control, • Commercial treatment – Hexaconozole 0.04%, • S.C. 5%, Producer: Zeneca. • 3. Nes – 2%, S.L., Producer: Jorge Peisajovich Galante-México.

  4. Materials & Methods - for all field trials Design of Experiment: randomized blocks, 3 treatments X 4 blocks, 4 trees per block. Monitoring Method: Five shoots with fresh leave, 20 cm long (7-9 leaves each), were randomly chosen within each block, from trees located in the center. Mildew infestation was evaluated in two different methods: 1) Presence of disease on leaves. Percentage of infested leaves out of total sample, was calculated for each treatment. 2) Degree of disease was determined according to a scale of mildew cover per leaf, as follow: 0.=clean; 1.=0.5-2% ; 2.= 2-10% ; 3.=10-30%; 4. =30%-50% ; 5.>50%. Average degree

  5. Statistics: Data were analyzed by multifactorial analysis of variance, followed by pairwise comparisons with the SNK test. Data were transformed to square root (x+1) to stabilize their variance. A significant level of 0.05 was used for all statistical test. The Sigma Stat software was used for all statistical analysis.

  6. Field Trial I – Fig. 1 Application II Application I

  7. Field Trial I – Fig. 1I Rate ofinfestation a a a a b b a b b

  8. Field Trial II - Northern Israel Materials & Methods • Crop: Apple • Variety: Golden Delicious • Location: Golan Heights, Edri’s orchards • Application of Spray: drench with knapsack sprayer • Date of Applications: 29/05/05; 07/06/05 • Tested Treatments: • Control, • Commercial treatment – Hexaconozole 0.04%, • S.C. 5%, Producer: Zeneca. • 3. Nes – 2%, S.L., Producer: Jorge Peisajovich Galante México.

  9. Field Trial II – Fig. I Application II Application I a a a b b b b

  10. Field Trial II – Fig. II

  11. Field Trial III - Northern Israel Materials & Methods • Crop: Galaxy • Variety: Golden Delicious • Location: Golan Heights, Nisanov’s orchards • Application of Spray: drench with knapsack sprayer • Date of Applications: 21/09/05; 31/09/05 • Tested Treatments: • Control, • Commercial treatment – Hexaconozole 0.04%, • S.C. 5%, Producer: Zeneca. • 3. Nes – 2%, S.L., Producer: Jorge Peisajovich Galante-México.

  12. Field Trial III – Northern Israel % infested leaves

  13. Powdery Mildew of Apples Conclusions • In field trials presented above Nes appears as • a most efficient fungicide, in controlling apple • powdery mildew. • Nes performs the lowest rate of infestation, • consistently, throughout all trials, when • compared with the commercial treatment.

  14. Control of Two Spotted Mite,Tetranychus urticaeby NES,in Apple Orchards

  15. Field Trial I - Northern Israel Materials & Methods • Crop: Apple • Variety: Starking • Location: Golan Heights, Kibutz El-Rom • Application of Spray: drench with knapsack sprayer • Date of Applications: 29/05/05; 05/06/05 • Tested Treatments: • Control, • Commercial treatment – Hexaconozole 0.04%, • S.C. 5%, Producer: Zeneca. • 3. Nes – 2%, S.L., Producer: Jorge Peisajovich Galante-México.

  16. Materials & Methods - for all field trials Design of Experiment: randomized blocks, 3 treatments X 4 blocks, 4 trees per block. Monitoring Method: 10 leaves were randomly chosen and checked for presence of live yellow mites of all stages. Average umber of mites was calculated for each treatment. Checks took place prior to both spray applications 7-21days later, depending upon presence of natural enemies.

  17. Field Trial I – Fig. 1 no. mites per leaf

  18. Field Trial II & III - Northern Israel Materials & Methods • Crop: Apple • Variety: Golden Delicious • Location: Golan Heights, Edri’s orchards • Application of Spray: drench with knapsack sprayer • Date of Applications: 19/06/05; 26/06/05 • Tested Treatments: • Control, • Commercial treatment – Hexaconozole 0.04%, • S.C. 5%, Producer: Zeneca. • 3. Nes – 2%, S.L., Producer: Jorge Peisajovich Galante-México.

  19. Field Trial II – Fig. 1 no. mites per leaf.

  20. Field Trial III – Fig. 1 no. mites per leaf.

  21. Field Trial IV- Northern Israel Materials & Methods • Crop: Apple • Variety: Golden Delicious • Location: Golan Heights, EL-Rom orchards • Application of Spray: drench with knapsack sprayer • Date of Application: 31/07/05 • Tested Treatments: • Control, • Commercial treatment – Hexaconozole 0.04%, • S.C. 5%, Producer: Zeneca. • 3. Nes – 2%, S.L., Producer: Jorge Peisajovich Galante-México.

  22. Field Trial IV – Fig. 1 no. mites per leaf.

  23. Yellow Mites in Apples Conclusions • Nes appears as an effective acaricide, • in suppressing yellow mite populations • in apples, as presented in results above. • Throughout all trials, Nes appears as a friendly • pesticide towards natural enemies, mainly • Stethorus gilvifrons (Coccinellidae), • predator beetle of mites .

  24. Conducted by: Dr. Hadass Cohen The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Agricultural Dept Rehovot, Israel Ph.D 29 January 2006

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