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ANIMALS ARE CONSUMERS. ANIMALS OBTAIN ENERGY & MATERIALS FROM FOOD. ANIMALS INTERACT WITH THE ENVIRONMENT AND WITH OTHER ORGANISMS ANIMALS RESPOND TO SEASONAL CHANGES. Get Energy & Materials via food. Animals are Consumers(need to get energy from another organism).
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ANIMALS ARE CONSUMERS • ANIMALS OBTAIN ENERGY & MATERIALS FROM FOOD. • ANIMALS INTERACT WITH THE ENVIRONMENT AND WITH OTHER ORGANISMS • ANIMALS RESPOND TO SEASONAL CHANGES
Get Energy & Materials via food • Animals are Consumers(need to get energy from another organism). • Animals are Heterotrophs( feeds on or consumes other organisms) • Some animals feed simply: Coral filters food from the water that moves through it; while most animals must search for food. • Animals can be grouped by the type of food they eat: HERBIVORES: feed on plants/algae; CARNIVORES: feed on other animals; OMNIVORES: feed on plants & animals • Others feed on dead remains (insects/vultures) while worms decompose the remains.
Get Energy & Materials via food • To get energy & materials from food, all animals must first digest the food. • Digestion: process of breaking down food (complex carbon compounds) into small enough pieces to be absorbed by cells. • Digestive systems use physical & chemical activity to break down food (usually in tubelike cavities). • Food enters one end, and waste the other end, while nutrients (usable parts of food) are absorbed into the body’s cells.
Get Energy & Materials via food • Animals get energy via cellular respiration so need H2O & O2. • Insects get O2 by spiracles (tiny openings in body), fish have gills(pick up O2 dissolved in water), other animals by lungs from air. • Many animals take in large amounts of food at once, & store it in tissues. This lets them have more time to care for young & do other activities.
Interact with Environment & other Organisms • Animals use digestive, respiratory, & circulatory systems to process foods. They use muscle & skeletal systems to provide movement & support. Nervous system lets them sense & respond to stimuli. • BEHAVIOR: any observable response to a stimuli (bird drinking from puddle; lion chasing antelope). • Some behaviors are present at birth or inherited(spider weaving webs); while others are learned(don’t attack porcupines). • Are 3 categories of behaviors: Individual Behavior, Interactions between same species, Interactions between different species.
Animal Behaviors • Individual behaviors: to meet basic needs (food, water, shelter, sleep, groom, temp.) • Interactions between same species: social behaviors (between Parent & Offspring, and for attracting a mate). Also, some species cooperate (wolves hunt in packs, bees maintain hive). Others compete (for a mate or for territory). • Interactions between different species: often for food. PREDATOR= hunts other animals for food while PREY= hunted animal for food source. • Different species can also be cooperative (tickbirds remove ticks from impala’s skin)
ANIMALS RESPOND TO SEASONAL CHANGES • Migration: movement of animals to different area in response to changing environment • Monarch butterflies fly from Mexico & Southern CA north each spring laying eggs on milkweed plants as they go. Second generation then flies back to Mexico & CA as it gets cool in the fall. This is inherited behavior.
ANIMALS respond to seasonal changes • Hibernation: a sleeplike state that lasts for an extended time period for nonmigratory animals • Their bodies slow down so need less energy to survive (many frogs, turtles, fish, & some insects)
