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Perkakasan Komputer

Perkakasan Komputer. Oleh: Ibrahim Mohamed. Sistem Komputer. Bahagian besar yang menghasilkan sistem komputer termasuklah:. perisian. perkakasan. manusia. Perkakasan. the equipment associated with a computer system. hardware. Perisian.

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Perkakasan Komputer

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  1. Perkakasan Komputer Oleh: Ibrahim Mohamed TZ1443

  2. Sistem Komputer Bahagian besar yang menghasilkan sistem komputer termasuklah: perisian perkakasan manusia TZ1443

  3. Perkakasan the equipment associated with a computer system. hardware TZ1443

  4. Perisian the set of instructions that tell a computer what to do. software TZ1443

  5. Manusia use the power of the computer for some purpose. people TZ1443

  6. Sistem Komputer software hardware people TZ1443

  7. Komputer Manusia Originally, a computer was defined as a person who calculated. TZ1443

  8. Perkakasan…peralatan Today, a computer refers to the hardware (or equipment)that makes up a computer system. TZ1443

  9. Komputer boleh… • Input (accept data) • Processing (process data) • Output (produce information) • Secondary storage (store information) Secondary Storage Output Input Processing TZ1443

  10. Input… is the data you put into the computer. Secondary Storage Output Input Processing TZ1443

  11. Peranti Input Here are common ways to put data into a computer: TZ1443

  12. Pemprosesan… of data takes place in the central processing unit (CPU) and computer memory. Secondary Storage Output Input Processing TZ1443

  13. Pemprosesan: CPU In simple terms, the CPU takes data and manipulates it. CPU Memory TZ1443

  14. Pemprosesan: Ingatan Memory temporarily holds data before and after it is processed. CPU Memory TZ1443

  15. Output… is usable information. Secondary Storage Output Input Processing TZ1443

  16. Peranti Output Common output devices include speakers, printers, and monitors. TZ1443

  17. Storan Sekunder… is the information that has been stored for safe keeping or later use. Secondary Storage Output Input Processing TZ1443

  18. Media Storan Sekunder Common secondary storage media include: • Magnetic disks • Magnetic tape TZ1443

  19. Cakera Magnetik Magnetic disks include diskettes and hard disks. TZ1443

  20. Cakera Liut… usually consist of a magnetic disk 3.5” inches in diameter and enclosed in a plastic case. Diskettes are portable, removable, and resistant to shock damage. TZ1443

  21. Cakera Keras… data is read by disk drives. Hard disks usually have more storage capacity than diskettes and can access data faster. TZ1443

  22. Pita Magnetik… usually comes on a cartridge and is read by tape drives. Magnetic tape is used for backup purposes because the tape is inexpensive. TZ1443

  23. Data vs. Maklumat Data is put into the computer in the form of input. Data which has been processed is useful information. Secondary Storage Input Processing Output Data Information TZ1443

  24. Komunikasi Data Data communications is the exchange of data over communications facilities. There are several ways to arrange communications systems: • Decentralized • Distributed TZ1443

  25. Komunikasi Data Nyahpusat The computer and some storage devices are in one place, while access to the main computer is elsewhere. TZ1443

  26. Komunikasi Data Teragih Computers and storage devices are distributed over a large area but connected by telephone lines or other communications devices TZ1443

  27. Komputer dan sumbernya Resources include hard disks, software, data, and other peripheral devices (e.g. a scanner). TZ1443

  28. Apa yang boleh memperbaiki aturan ini? TZ1443

  29. satu rangkaian TZ1443

  30. Rangkaian… is formed by connecting computers and their resources by using communication equipment. Two types of computer networks include: • LAN (local area network) • WAN (wide-area network) TZ1443

  31. LAN… is formed when computers and their resources are connected together so that everyone in an office or building can share the resources and communicate with one another. TZ1443

  32. WAN… is formed when computers and their resources are connected together so that anyone, anywhere with access privileges can share the resources. TZ1443

  33. Internet… is a collection of networks that connects computers and their resources around the globe. TZ1443

  34. Fakta Internet • No one owns the Internet • It is run by volunteers • There is no central headquarters • There are no centrally offered services • There is no comprehensive index to tell you what information is available TZ1443

  35. Capaian Internet To access the Internet, you must first connect to a computer called a server. You Server TZ1443

  36. Pelayan… are supplied by Internet Service Providers (ISPs). You Server ISP TZ1443

  37. Internet Service Providers There are many ISPs from which to choose. Most ISPs charge a monthly fee for connection privileges. Deciding which ISP will suit your needs is the hardest part of getting connected to the Internet. TZ1443

  38. Sekali terhubung, ke mana anda pergi? TZ1443

  39. …hampir ke mana-mana Internet activities include: • browsing the World Wide Web (WWW) • sending/receiving electronic mail (e-mail) • participating in newsgroups TZ1443

  40. Klasifikasi Komputer Supercomputer Mainframe Minicomputer PDA Notebook Network Personal TZ1443

  41. Superkomputer… are the most powerful and most expensive computers and used by the federal government, scientists, the movie industry, and other specialists. Supercomputers process trillions of instructions per second. TZ1443

  42. Komputer Kerangka Utama… are large computers used by banks, insurance companies, and manufacturers. Mainframes process millions of instructions per second. TZ1443

  43. Minikomputer… are the next step down from mainframes in terms of speed and storage capacity. Minicomputers have been used by retail businesses, colleges, and city and state agencies. TZ1443

  44. Personal computers… Powerful personal computers are called workstations and are used by engineers, financial traders, graphic designers, and anyone who wants to own one. are almost as powerful as minicomputers. TZ1443

  45. Notebook Computers… weigh less than ten pounds, run on batteries, and have all the power of personal computers. Notebook computers are popular with travelers. TZ1443

  46. Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs)… are also known as pen-based computers because they can accept handwritten input directly. PDAs are used by people who are on the go and need a computer smaller than notebook-sized computers. TZ1443

  47. Network Computers… are designed to access the Internet, send and receive e-mail, but not much else. login: password: tree ****** Network computers are less expensive than personal computers. TZ1443

  48. Fungsi Sistem Komputer Terdapat empat fungsi utama sistem komputer: Storan Sekunder Output Input Proses TZ1443

  49. Pemprosesan Topik ini memfokus kepada unit pemprosesan pusat (CPU). Storan Sekunder Output Input Pemprosesan TZ1443

  50. CPU CPU berinteraksi secara rapat dengan ingatan (storan utama). CPU Ingatan, walau bagaimanapun, bukanlah sebahagian daripadaCPU. Ingatan TZ1443

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