The regional anatomy of head

1. The regional anatomy of head

2. CHAPTER 1 THE HEAD • SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION • Ⅰ. Boundaries : • lower border of mandible • —the angle of mandible • —the mastoid process • —the superior nuchal line • —the external occipital protuberance • Ⅱ. Divisions: • the face • the cranium • — supra-orbital margin— zygomatic • arch— superior margin of external • acoustic meatus— mastoid process.

3. Ⅲ. Surface anatomy: • Surface landmarks: • frontal tuber • external occipital protuberance • pterion • supraorbital foramen • angle of mandible • mastoid process • infraorbital foramen • mental foramen • zygomatic arch • superior nuchal line

4. SECTION 2 THE CRANIUM • Ⅰ. Divisions: • the vertex (calvaria) • the frontoparietooccipital region • the temporal region • the base of cranium (base of skull) • internal surface • external surface • the cavity of cranium (cranial cavity) • brain • meninges and blood vessels • cranial nerves

5. Ⅱ. The vertex: • the frontoparietooccipital region : • between the right and left temporal lines; • from the eyebrow to the superior nuchal line • The scalp: it consists of 5 layers: • skin • superficial fascia and superficial structures • epicranial aponeurosis • subaponeurotic loose connectiv tissue • Pericraneum

6. The scalp: it consists of 5 layers: • skin • superficial fascia and superficial structures — the features — the blood vessles — the nerves

7. The scalp: it consists of 5 layers: • skin • superficial fascia and superficial structures — the features — the blood vessles & nerves Anterior group: — supratrochlear a., v. and n. — supraorbital a., v. and n. Lateral group: — superficial temporal a. and v. auriculotemporal n. — posterior auricular a. and v. lesser occipital n. Posterior group: — occipital a. and v. greater occipital n.and third occipital n.

8. The scalp: it consists of 5 layers: • skin • superficial fascia and superficial structures • epicranial aponeurosis • subaponeurotic loose connectiv tissue • pericraneum

9. The scalp: it consists of 5 layers: • skin • superficial fascia and superficial structures • epicranial aponeurosis • subaponeurotic loose connectiv tissue • pericraneum

10. Ⅲ. The cavernous sinus: • Position:It is on the both sides of the sella turcica • Contains: • Oculomotor n. • Trochlear n. • Ophthalmic n. • Maxillary n. • Internal carotid a. • Abducent n.

11. 3.The communications of cavernous sinus:

13. SECTION 3 THE FACE • Ⅰ.The superficial structures: • Skin • Superficial fiscia and structures • Facial a. • Facial v. • Superficial lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes • Branches of the trigeminal n. • Branches of facial n.

14. Facial a.

15. Facial v.：

16. Superficial lymphatic vessles—— submandibular lymph nodes

17. The branches of the trigeminal n. • Ophthalmic supraorbital n. • Maxillary n. • Mandibular n. • The branches of facial n. • temporal branches • zygomatic branches • buccal branches • marginal mandibular branches • cervical branch

18. Ⅱ. The deep structures of lateral part of face: • The parotid gland: • The position: • The general feature: 2 parts— • superficial and deep parts

19. The parotid gland: • The position: • The general feature: • The fascia sheath of parotid gland

20. The parotid gland: • The relationship: • Anteriorly:masseter, posterior border of ramus of mandible, • medial pterygoid • Posteriorly: • sternocleidomastoid, • posterior belly of digastric, • Posteromedially: • internal carotid a. and • internal jugular v., • vagus n., accessory n. • and hypoglossal n. • Medially: • lateral wall of pharynx

21. The parotid gland: • Structures passing through the gland: 2 groups • — external carotid a. • superficial temporal a. and v. • retromandibular v. • auriculotemporal n. • — maxillary a. and v. • transverse facial a. and v. • facial n. and it’s branches

22. The parotid gland: • Parotid duct • Parotid lymph nodes

23. Thank You!