Wireless Mobile Devices – Systems and Architectures

1. Wireless Mobile Devices – Systems and Architectures Tal Lavian Course Number:

2. Contents Wireless Mobile Devices Market Directions System Architecture Device Architecture Other Devices Architecture Differences – PC and Wireless Mobile Devices Operating Systems Application Store Google’s Android Apple’s iOS Summary

3. What is Wireless Communication? • Any form of communication that does not require the transmitter and receiver to be in physical contact • Electromagnetic wave propagated through free-space • Radar, RF, Microwave, IR, Optical

4. Electromagnetic Spectrum From: imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov.docs

5. Wireless Mobile Devices 2013

6. Market directions

7. Market directions (contd.)

8. Market directions (contd.)

9. Market directions (contd.)

10. Marketi directions (contd.)

11. Market directions (contd.)

12. Market directions (contd.)

13. Characteristics of Wireless Mobile Devices • Wireless • Limited bandwidth, high latency • Variable link quality (noise, disconnections, other users) • Heterogeneous air interfaces • Mobility: • User and terminal location dynamically changes • Speed of terminal mobility impacts wireless bandwidth • Portability • Limited battery capacity, computing and storage • Small dimensions More Signal Processing More Protocol Processing Higher Energy Efficiency

14. Wireless – Pros and Cons • Pros • Flexibility & mobility • Goal: Anytime, anywhere, any service • Broad geography support at specific frequency • Can compliment a wired network • Convenience (Easy-to-Use and Simple to Install) • Can easily setup in disaster situations or office moves • Cons • Relatively expensive • Distance limits & wall attenuation (150ft barrier) • Security must be addressed • Prone to narrowband interference. Also, other users create interference

15. Wireless Network Technology

16. Wireless Technologies HiperLAN Wireless Local Area Multimedia Short range connectivity for portables Wireless Local Area Broadband 802.11b DS 0,5 1 2 11 54 Mbit/s Wireless Local Area High Speed 802.11a DS & FH Wireless Wide Area coverage HomeRF UMTS / Cellular Bluetooth 10m 30m 100m >400 m

17. Cellular System Architecture Source: http://vinf.net/2010/01/16/using-the-vcevblock-concept-to-aid-disaster-relief-in-situations-like-the-haiti-earthquake/

18. MTSO MTSO HLR VLR HLR VLR To other MTSOs PSTN PSTN Cellular System Architecture • Each cell is served by a Base Terminal Station (BTS). • Each BTS is connected to a Mobile Switching Center (MTSO) through fixed links. • Each MTSO is connected to other MTSOs and PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network). Source: www.cse.iitb.ac.in/~sri/talks/mobileinternet.ppt

19. Wireless Telephone Technology EvolutionThe 2nd Generation (2G) • Second generation 2G cellular telecom networks were commercially launched on the GSM standard in Finland by Radiolinja in 1991. • Benefits over their predecessors: • The phone conversations were digitally encrypted. • 2G systems were significantly more efficient on the spectrum allowing for far greater mobile phone penetration levels. • 2G introduced data services for mobile, starting with SMS text messages. Source: http://www.satmagazine.com/cgi-bin/display_article.cgi?number=201229817

20. Wireless Telephone Technology EvolutionThe 3rd Generation (3G) Source: http://denmasbroto.com/?pilih=news&mod=yes&aksi=lihat&id=2 • 3rd generation mobile telecommunications is a generation of standards for mobile phones and mobile telecommunication services. • Its main services include: • Wide-area wireless voice telephone. • Mobile Internet access. • Video calls and mobile TV, all in a mobile environment.

21. Wireless Telephone Technology EvolutionThe 4th Generation (4G) Source: http://www.3g.co.uk/PR/Nov2003/6085.htm 4G is the fourth generation of cellular wireless standards. A 4G system provides mobile ultra-broadband Internet access, for example to laptop computer wireless modems, smart phones, and other mobile devices.  Facilities also include IP telephony, gaming services, high-definition mobile TV, video conferencing, and other streamed multimedia that may be provided to users.

22. Wi-MAX and LTE Architectures • 3GPP Long Term Evolution, also known as LTE, is used for high-speed data for mobile phones and other communication ports.The LTE system consists of two networks: • E-UTRAN • Evolved Packet Core (EPC). Both of them result in a system with high simplicity including increased scalability and efficiency, and a design optimized to support IP-based services. Source: http://telecomnormalized.tech.officelive.com/WiMAX.aspx http://www.wirelessweek.com/Articles/2010/10/Technology-Part2-Mobile-Network-Evolution-Architecture-LTE/ WiMAX  a short name for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access can be referred to as a technology for wirelessly delivering high-speed Internet service to large specific areas. The previous WiMAX revision provided bit rates up to 40 Mbit/s and the latest revision in 2011 has provided us with 1 Gbit/s bit rate for fixed devices and ports. It is a part of the 4G, of wireless communication technology.

23. Smartphones – what are they? • Small size, light weight, easily fitting in palm and pocket • Display screen with touch input and small virtual key board • Also known as portable handheld device or handheld device (e.g. Smartphone, PDAs etc.)

24. Device Architecture

25. Connectivity

26. Screen Comparison

27. Architectural Differences PC and Wireless Mobile Devices Source: http://www.apple.com

28. Architectural Differences Wireless Mobile Devices Significantly different from PCs

29. Other devices

30. Smartphones - history

31. Mobile OS Major Mobile Operating Systems (OS)

32. Mobile OS - Apps

33. Mobile OS – Apps (contd.)

34. Android Android is Linux based mobile OS for mobile devices such as Tablets and Smartphones. In 2005 Google acquired the initial developer of the OS, Android Inc. Then in 2007 Google formed an Open Handset Alliance with 86 hardware, software and telecom companies. This alliance developed and announced Android as an open source mobile OS under the Apache License. Now this OS is being used by multiple device manufacturers in their handsets, few of them are Samsung, Motorola, HTC, LG, Sony etc. Android developer community has large number of developers preparing APPs in Java environment and the APP store ‘Google Play’ now has close to 450,000 APPs, among which few are free and others are paid. It is estimated that till December 2011 almost 10B APPs are downloaded. It is estimated that s of February 2012 there are over 300M Android devices and approximately 850,000 Android devices are activated every day. The earliest recognizable Android version is 2.3 Gingerbread which has support for SIP and NFC. In 2011 Android Honeycomb version (3.1 and 3.2) are released with focus on Tablets. This is mainly focused on large screen devices.

35. Android (contd.) • Handset layouts – compatible with different handset designs such as  larger, VGA, 2D graphics library, 3D graphics library based • Storage – a lightweight relational database, is used for data storage • Connectivity - GSM/EDGE,  IDEN, CDMA, EV-DO, UMTS, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, LTE, NFC and WiMAX • Messaging – SMS, MMS, threaded text messaging and Android Cloud To Device Messaging (C2DM) • Multiple language support • Web browser • Java support • Media support • Streaming media support • Additional hardware support • Multi-touch • Bluetooth • Video calling • Multitasking • Voice based features • Tethering • Screen capture • External storage

36. Android (contd.)

37. Android (contd.)

38. iOS • iOS is Apple’s proprietary mobile operating system initially developed for iPhone and now extended to iPAD, iPod Touch and Apple TV. • Initially known as iPhone OS, in June 2010 it is renamed as iOS. • iOS is not enabled for cross licensing, it can only be used on Apple’s devices. • The user interface of iOS is based on the concept of usage of multi touch gestures. • iOS is a Unix based OS. • iOS uses four abstraction layers namely: the Core OS layer, the Core Services layer, the Media layer, and the Cocoa Touch layer.  • Apple’s App store contains close to 550,000 applications as of March 2012. • It is estimated that the APPs are downloaded 25B times till now. • First version of iOS is released in 2007 with the mane ‘OS X’ and then in 2008 the first beta version of ‘iPhone OS’ is released. • In 2007 September Apple released first iPod Touch that also used this OS. • In 2010 iPad is released that has a bigger screen than the iPod and iPhone. • Cisco has the trademark for ‘IOS’ since long time and Apple licensed the usage of ‘iOS’ from Cisco to avoid any problems.

39. iOS (contd.)

40. Summary • The above information proved how important is the smartphone in daily life of vast range of humans ranging from business persons, academic people, individual users etc. • Primary reasons behind investing lot of money in mobile computing: • Opens a lot of opportunities in mobile computing and programming • Generating revenue by pay per click • Mobile device could end the use of credit cards and debit cards, e.g., in shopping stores through using NFC or Google wallet. • The mobile devices can be used for different applications such as remotely controlling home appliances, PC, vehicles, TVs etc. • The history of evolution of mobile device technology speaks a lot about the future trends and trade offs which will be achieved in due course of time. • Number of patent lawsuits are increasing day by day for showing the company’s strength in terms of technology and protection of that technology by using patents. • Companies have to slow down their competitors from going for Lawsuits.