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Mendelian Genetics and Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns

Explore Mendel's model of inheritance, including the Law of Segregation and the Law of Independent Assortment. Learn about testcrosses, codominance, incomplete dominance, multiple alleles, polygenic inheritance, and pedigree analysis.

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Mendelian Genetics and Non-Mendelian Inheritance Patterns

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  1. Chapter 14 Mendel and the Gene Idea

  2. Mendelian Genetics • Mendel was able to describe a model of inheritance

  3. Law of Segregation This principle helps to describe the inheritance of a single trait. • For each inherited trait there are 2 genes, they may be the same  homozygous. Or different  heterozygous. • Each sex cell carries one of the alleles to the offspring, therefore they are SEGREGATED at meiosis.

  4. Testcrosses • A testcross is used to determine the genotype of a particular dominant phenotype. • Perform a cross between the unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive. • The appearance of a recessive offspring indicates the unknown was heterozygous.

  5. Law of Independent Assortment Describes the inheritance combinations possible by tracking 2 characteristics at once. • This supports the idea that each pair alleles segregates independently of other pairs of alleles during gamete formation on non-homologous chromosomes. • Based on outcome of dihybrid cross

  6. Non-Mendelian Inheritance patterns • Codominance: The 2 alleles both affect the phenotype in distinguishable ways. • Incomplete Dominance: When the F1 hybrids have a phenotype somewhere in between the phenotypes of the 2 parental varieties.

  7. Multiple Alleles • Human ABO blood groups have 3 alleles for this characteristic, in which various combinations produce 4 phenotypes.

  8. Polygenic Inheritance • This creates an additive effect of two or more genes on a single phenotypic character. examples are skin color and height.

  9. Pedigree • Genetic traits can be traced through families by using a pedigree chart.

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