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Chapter 5 Information Policy as Library Policy: Intellectual Freedom

Chapter 5 Information Policy as Library Policy: Intellectual Freedom. Library Information Policies. Organization of materials and collections DDC LC LCSH AACR2. Library Information Policies. Selection and Collection Development Policies

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Chapter 5 Information Policy as Library Policy: Intellectual Freedom

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  1. Chapter 5Information Policy as Library Policy: Intellectual Freedom Chapter 5 Slides -- M. Stansbury

  2. Library Information Policies • Organization of materials and collections • DDC • LC • LCSH • AACR2 Chapter 5 Slides -- M. Stansbury

  3. Library Information Policies • Selection and Collection Development Policies • Guide nature and type of information available to users Chapter 5 Slides -- M. Stansbury

  4. Selection and Collection Development Policies • Collection Development Policy • Broad view • Fundamental mission of library • Subjects collected • Depth of subjects Chapter 5 Slides -- M. Stansbury

  5. Selection and Collection Development Policies • Collection Development Policy • Formats • Balance among formats • Users and needs • Cooperative relationships Chapter 5 Slides -- M. Stansbury

  6. Collection Development Policies • Purposes • Planning tool • Guide to selectors • Ensures consistency • Training tool • Statement of philosophy • Defense for challenges Chapter 5 Slides -- M. Stansbury

  7. Selection and Collection Development Policies • Selection Criteria • Used to select individual or small groups of items • Should be consistent with collection development policy Chapter 5 Slides -- M. Stansbury

  8. Selection Criteria • Authority • Appropriateness • Accuracy or timeliness • Physical characteristics Chapter 5 Slides -- M. Stansbury

  9. Selection Criteria • Collection fit • Demand • Content • Special characteristics Chapter 5 Slides -- M. Stansbury

  10. Selection Criteria • Web source evaluation • Additional questions to ask • Domain name • Additional links • Links updated Chapter 5 Slides -- M. Stansbury

  11. Selection Criteria • Web source evaluation; Additional questions to ask, cont’d. • Websites that link to it • Ease of access • Quickness of download • Ease of navigation • Internal search engine • Accessible Chapter 5 Slides -- M. Stansbury

  12. Service Policies as Information Policy • Circulation policies • Length of loan • Renewal • Materials designation Chapter 5 Slides -- M. Stansbury

  13. Service Policies as Information Policy • Reference policies • Types of services • Restrictions • Service philosophy • instructional or delivery-oriented Chapter 5 Slides -- M. Stansbury

  14. Service Policies as Information Policy • Personnel and staffing policies • Staffing policies and practice directly related to service Chapter 5 Slides -- M. Stansbury

  15. Preservation as Information Policy • Deterioration of library materials • Poor environmental conditions • Improper handling • Natural disasters • Insects Chapter 5 Slides -- M. Stansbury

  16. Preservation as Information Policy • Deterioration of library materials, cont’d. • Nature of materials, cont’d. • Post-1850s, highly acidic paper • Acid causes paper to crumble Chapter 5 Slides -- M. Stansbury

  17. Preservation as Information Policy • Individual library’s policy on preservation • U.S. Federal government programs • Library of Congress • National Digital Library Program (NDLP) • National Digital Information Infrastructrue and Preservation Program (NDIIPP) Chapter 5 Slides -- M. Stansbury

  18. Intellectual Freedom as Information Policy • Intellectual freedom issues implicated in variety of library activities • Attempts to censor library materials on the rise Chapter 5 Slides -- M. Stansbury

  19. Intellectual Freedom as Information Policy • Attempts come from across the political spectrum Chapter 5 Slides -- M. Stansbury

  20. Intellectual Freedom as Information Policy • Most challenged books in 2002 • Harry Potter series (Rowling) • Alice series (Naylor) • Taming the Star Runner (Hinton) • Captain Underpants (Pilkey) • and others Chapter 5 Slides -- M. Stansbury

  21. Intellectual Freedom as Information Policy • Reasons for challenging • Sexual explicitness • Offensive language • Unsuited to age group Chapter 5 Slides -- M. Stansbury

  22. Intellectual Freedom as Information Policy • Censorship • An act or set of acts by government, groups, or individuals to restrict the flow of information or ideas. Chapter 5 Slides -- M. Stansbury

  23. Intellectual Freedom as Information Policy • Censorship • Censorship is one concept within the family of intellectual freedom concepts. Chapter 5 Slides -- M. Stansbury

  24. Intellectual Freedom as Information Policy • Intellectual freedom • Protecting free flow of ideas or information • Based on belief that societal health is strong when ideas can be created and disseminated without impediment. Chapter 5 Slides -- M. Stansbury

  25. Intellectual Freedom as Information Policy • Intellectual freedom • Protection is one of most difficult aspects of library work. • Causes much professional controversy. Chapter 5 Slides -- M. Stansbury

  26. Intellectual Freedom as Information Policy • Intellectual freedom • Librarians perceive conflicts among obligations • moral • ethical • personal • social • legal Chapter 5 Slides -- M. Stansbury

  27. Intellectual Freedom as Information Policy • Obligations that restrict access • to act in accordance with personal values • to protect, preserve, and maintain community and society values as a whole Chapter 5 Slides -- M. Stansbury

  28. Intellectual Freedom as Information Policy • Obligations that increase access • to protect rights of patrons to free access to ideas and information in a democratic society • reflects belief in democracy as most effective form of government • preservation and support of First Amendment Chapter 5 Slides -- M. Stansbury

  29. Intellectual Freedom as Information Policy • Obligations that increase access • to educate children • education as a complex concept • Island Trees v. Pico (1982) • White House Conference on Library and Information Services in 1990 Chapter 5 Slides -- M. Stansbury

  30. Obligations that increase access; to educate children • White House Conference on Library and Information Services in 1990 Kids need • …belief in worthwhile future • …positive sense of self-worth • …ability to locate and use information Chapter 5 Slides -- M. Stansbury

  31. Obligations that increase access; to educate children • White House Conference on Library and Information Services in 1990 Kids need • …preparation to use technology • …equal access to marketplace of ideas • …ability to think critically • …ability to communicate effectively Chapter 5 Slides -- M. Stansbury

  32. Obligations that increase access; to educate children • White House Conference on Library and Information Services in 1990 Kids need • …preparation to live in a multicultural world • …desire and ability to become lifelong learners • …creative ability to dream a better world Chapter 5 Slides -- M. Stansbury

  33. Intellectual Freedom as Library Policy • Obligations that increase access • to preserve the values of one’s profession • ALA Library Bill of Rights • ALA Code of Ethics • ASIST Code of Ethics Chapter 5 Slides -- M. Stansbury

  34. Intellectual Freedom as Library Policy • to preserve the values of one’s profession • Selection v. censorship • Asheim (1954) Chapter 5 Slides -- M. Stansbury

  35. Intellectual Freedom as Library Policy • Research on censorship and intellectual freedom • ambivalence of librarians (Serebnick 1979) • frequency of censorship in schools (Association of American Publishers 1981); (Hopkins 1993) Chapter 5 Slides -- M. Stansbury

  36. Intellectual Freedom as Library Policy • Major concerns of those who wish to censor materials • Offensive subjects • Sexual content • Violent content • Offensive language Chapter 5 Slides -- M. Stansbury

  37. Intellectual Freedom as Library Policy • Major concerns of those who wish to censor materials, cont’d. • Concern with formats • Concern for children • State laws Chapter 5 Slides -- M. Stansbury

  38. Intellectual Freedom as Library Policy • The World Wide Web and the Debate over Filtering • CIPA • Filters • Keyword or blocking software • Site blocking Chapter 5 Slides -- M. Stansbury

  39. Intellectual Freedom as Library Policy • Filters, cont’d. • Concerns • Overblocking • Underblocking • Subjective and discriminatory judgment Chapter 5 Slides -- M. Stansbury

  40. Intellectual Freedom as Library Policy • Filters; Concerns, cont’d. • Susceptibility to errors • Vulnerability to dismantling • Creates computer problems • Privacy Chapter 5 Slides -- M. Stansbury

  41. Intellectual Freedom as Library Policy • Support for filters • Internet contains access to sites that are violent, hateful, and sexually explicit • Filters are most feasible way • (Burt 1997) Chapter 5 Slides -- M. Stansbury

  42. Intellectual Freedom as Library Policy • Opposition to filters • ALA • Resolutions • Policies • Strategies Chapter 5 Slides -- M. Stansbury

  43. Information Policies of the American Library Association • ALA Intellectual Freedom Committee (IFC) • Created in 1940 • Purpose to promote and protect values of Library Bill of Rights Chapter 5 Slides -- M. Stansbury

  44. Information Policies of the American Library Association • Office of Intellectual Freedom (OIF) • Created in 1967 • Established to relieve administrative burden of IFC and • to coordinate intellectual freedom activities. Chapter 5 Slides -- M. Stansbury

  45. Information Policies of the American Library Association • Philosophical foundations • Library Bill of Rights • 1939 first adoption, numerous revisions • Six sections Chapter 5 Slides -- M. Stansbury

  46. Information Policies of the American Library Association • Library Bill of Rights • Section 1 • select materials for entire community • reject censoring based on author characteristics Chapter 5 Slides -- M. Stansbury

  47. Information Policies of the American Library Association • Library Bill of Rights • Section 2 • select materials with wide array of viewpoints • reject censoring based on doctrinal disapproval of content Chapter 5 Slides -- M. Stansbury

  48. Information Policies of the American Library Association • Library Bill of Rights • Sections 3 and 4 • reject censorship • cooperate with others to fight abridgement of free speech Chapter 5 Slides -- M. Stansbury

  49. Information Policies of the American Library Association • Library Bill of Rights • Section 5 • provide materials and services to all individuals Chapter 5 Slides -- M. Stansbury

  50. Information Policies of the American Library Association • Library Bill of Rights • Section 6 • permit equitable access to library facilities Chapter 5 Slides -- M. Stansbury

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