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The Forgotten War

The Forgotten War. Spread of Communism. Chiang Kai-Shek. Mao Zedong. Chinese Nationalist Party leader Southern China Inefficient and corrupt party U.S. supported  $3 Billion in aid over 4 years. Chinese Communist Leader Northern China Worked to win peasant support

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The Forgotten War

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  1. The Forgotten War

  2. Spread of Communism Chiang Kai-Shek Mao Zedong Chinese Nationalist Party leader Southern China Inefficient and corrupt party U.S. supported  $3 Billion in aid over 4 years Chinese Communist Leader Northern China Worked to win peasant support Supported by Soviet Union

  3. Containment = FAILED • 1949 : Chiang fled to Taiwan • Communist take over China – People’s Republic of China • Truman attacked by Congress for not doing enough • Fear began to set in that there were Communist agents within the U.S. government

  4. Setting up for Korean War North Korea • Soviet Union Government - Communist Leader - Kim Il Sung South Korea • United States Government -Democracy Leader - Syngnam Rhee After WWII Japanese Korean territories were surrendered 38th Parallel

  5. Surprise Invasion • North Korea launches surprise attack on South Korea : June 25, 1950 • June 27 – Truman ordered troops from Japan to Korea • 520,000 troops – 90% American • Commanded by Douglas MacArthur • By end of August only Pusan had not fallen to North Korea

  6. U.S. Counterattack • Sept 1950 – MacArthur surprise attack behind enemy lines near Inchon • ½ North Korean troops surrender - Rest flee back North • U.S. pushed all the way north to Yalu River (boarder between N.K. and China)

  7. Chinese Fight Back ALL OUT WAR • Provoked China – launched massive attack against U.S. forces • U.N. pushed back across 38th Parallel • Fought for 2 years to obtain strategic positions

  8. North Korea Today • 2002 – George Bush declares part of “axis of evil” • 2009—Announced uranium enrichment program • 2010—Fired 170 rounds of artillery on Yeongpyeong Island • 2011—Kim Jong Il dies Kim Jong-Un • 2013—Announce intentions to target U.S. with nuclear weapons • 2013—Withdrawal from non-aggression pacts with South Korea

  9. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D8RHls8_HJ8

  10. General Douglas MacArthur President Truman WAR WARWAR Use nuclear weapons against China- end stalemate Tried going ABOVE President  press NO WAR Upset with MacArthur’s actions  fired him Attacked by Congress and Americans for it “Wrong war, at wrong place, at the wrong time, w/wrong enemy” –Omar Bradley

  11. STALEMATE • July 1953 – Two countries sign an armistice > ending war • Location of cease-fire line, establishment of demilitarized zones • Prisoner exchange American Losses 54, 000 Deaths $67 Billion

  12. Joseph McCarthy - McCarthyism • House Un-American Activities Committee(HUAC) • Alger Hiss • Ethel & Julius Rosenberg

  13. Cold War at Home • Loyalty Review Board • 1947:Truman issues a Federal Employee Loyalty Program • 1947-1951: will investigate over 3 million employees (firing 212 considered suspicious)

  14. The House Un-American Activities Committee • House Un-American Activities Committee(HUAC): investigated possible Communist influence • Inside and outside government jobs • Investigation of movie industry • Communists sneaking propaganda into films • 43 witnesses from Hollywood: “friendly” and “unfriendly” • Hollywood Ten: 10 unfriendly witnesses called to testify, did not cooperate, send to prison • Blacklisted: people condemned for having communist backgrounds

  15. Spy Cases Stun the Nation • Alger Hiss: accused of being Soviet spy • Claimed he was innocent and that documents were forged • Prosecuted by young conservative Republic Richard Nixon • 1990s documents will show that Hiss was in fact GUILTY • Ethel & Julius Rosenberg: found guilty of espionage and executed • Implicated during Kuch’s Spy case (physicist accused of sharing bomb secrets with Soviets ) • Pleaded their innocence until their death

  16. McCarthy Launches “Witch Hunt” • Joseph McCarthy: Republican Senator from Wisconsin, extremely anti-communist • May lose next election so needed an issue that would win over with voters • “Communists are taking over the government” • False accusations of suspected Communists became known as McCarthyism: unfair tactic of accusing people of disloyalty w/o providing evidence • Claimed to have list of over 200 Communists w/in State Department (never actually provided a SINGLE name)

  17. If you could be a spy during any time in history when would it be? • What country would you be from? • What would your mission be? • Who would you be “spying on” ~ (Historical figure or event?) • What would be your alias? • Age • Occupation • What would you want to find out?

  18. Two Nations Live on the Edge

  19. Brinkmanship Rules U.S. Policy • Scientists created even more powerful weapon: H-bomb • 1 million tons of TNT • Who could build it first mentality: U.S. or Soviet Union? • America WINS! • Brinksmanship: practice of threatening an enemy with massive military retaliation for any aggression • Stock pile nukes • Increase air force

  20. Fear of Nuclear Fall Out • Increase in stock pile of nukes led Americans to take action because of fear of attack • Government starting passing out “How To” pamphlets regarding survival and shelters

  21. Cold War Spreads Around the World • Central Intelligence Agency (CIA): way for government to attain information using spies abroad as well as carry out covert missions • Middle East: Reestablish Western control and relations with Iran (*OIL FIELDS) • Latin America: Take back “American land” in Guatemala (Dictator takes control)

  22. Cold War Spreads Around the World • Warsaw Pact: Soviet Military alliance • Geneva Summit  step towards peace • Allow for open skies between U.S./Soviet Union (DENIED) • Suez War 1955-1956 • Egypt take control of Suez Canal

  23. Cold War Spreads Around the World • Eisenhower Doctrine: U.S. would defend the Middle East from an attack by any communist country • Hungarian Uprising: • Hungarians revolted and called for Democratic government • Soviets Response: swift and brutal (killing about 30,000 Hungarians)

  24. The Cold War Takes to the Skies • Nikita Khruschev: Leader of Soviet Union [after Stalin] • Space Race: • 1957 Soviets launch Sputnik: first satellite • Americans upset with being beaten pouring millions in own program: finally launch own satellite in 1958 • U-2 Shot Down • U.S. secretly flew over Russia • “Last” U-2 flight shot down days before Eisenhower & Khrushchev met • Meeting called off no more negotiations between U.S. & Soviet Union

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