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The Road to the 21 st century

The Road to the 21 st century. Chapter 31. The Cold War and Nationalism. Roots of the Cold War War Time Conference Tehran Conference p.1025 Yalta Conference p. 1026 Potsdam Conference p. 1026 Different World Views p. 1070 Soviet Point of View US Point of View

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The Road to the 21 st century

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  1. The Road to the 21st century Chapter 31

  2. The Cold War and Nationalism • Roots of the Cold War • War Time Conference • Tehran Conference p.1025 • Yalta Conference p. 1026 • Potsdam Conference p. 1026 • Different World Views p. 1070 • Soviet Point of View • US Point of View • Partition of Germany .1075 map

  3. Post-War Germany

  4. Containment • Truman Doctrine • Marshall Plan • Berlin Crisis • NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) • China • A-Bomb • Korean War • Hydrogen Bomb

  5. Warsaw Pact (1955) p 1076 • U. S. S. R. • Albania • Bulgaria • Czechoslovakia • East Germany • Hungary • Poland • Rumania

  6. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949) p 1076 • United States • Belgium • Britain • Canada • Denmark • France • Iceland • Italy • Luxemburg • Netherlands • Norway • Portugal • 1952: Greece & Turkey • 1955: West Germany • 1983: Spain

  7. The Ideological Struggle Soviet & Eastern Bloc Nations[“Iron Curtain”] US & the Western Democracies GOAL “Containment” of Communism & the eventual collapse of the Communist world.[George Kennan] GOAL spread world-wide Communism METHODOLOGIES: Espionage [KGB vs. CIA] Arms Race [nuclear escalation] Ideological Competition for the minds and hearts of Third World peoples [Communist govt. & command economy vs. democratic govt. & capitalist economy]  “proxy wars” Bi-Polarization of Europe [NATO vs. Warsaw Pact]

  8. The Iron Curtain

  9. Berlin Blockade and Airliftpage 1075

  10. The Suez Crisis: 1956-1957

  11. Mao’s Revolution: 1949 Who lost China? – A 2nd}Power!

  12. The Korean War: A “Police Action” (1950-1953) Kim Il-Sung Syngman Rhee “Domino Theory”

  13. Khrushchev Era • Final Years of Stalin p. 1079 • 1945-1953 • Gulags • 5 year plan (economic) • Nikita Khrushchev p. 1080 • 1953-1971 • De-Stalinization • Secret speech of 1956 • Poland- p 1081 • Uprising 1956- 9000 political prisoners set free- Wladyslaw Gomulka • Hungary p. 1082 • Imre Nagy (executed) to Janos Kadar

  14. Infamous Speech to the West About the capitalist states, it doesn't depend on you whether we (Soviet Union) exist.If you don't like us, don't accept our invitations, and don'tinvite us to come to see you. Whether you like it our not, history is on our side.We will bury you. -- 1956

  15. Who will bury who? Carolyn Kennedy with Sergei Khrushchev

  16. Collapse of the Paris Summit Conference p.1083 U-2 Aircraft incident Col. Francis Gary Powers’ plane was shot down over Soviet airspace.

  17. The Berlin Wall- pg 1083 • New US President- Kennedy- “Ich bin ein Berliner!”The West is with them (1963)

  18. Cuban Missile Crisis- pg 1084 • October 1962 • Fidel Castro- communist • Closest the US and USSR came to nuclear war

  19. Eye to Eye

  20. From Khrushchev to Brezhnev p. 1084 • Lenoid Brezhnev • 1964- massive arms build up • Politburo was very strong • Mikhail Gorbachev (1985-1991) • Perestroika “restructuring” • Glasnost • Free elections • INF Treaty (with Reagan) • STARTI (cut nuclear weapons by 10% Russia by 25%)

  21. “Prague Spring” (1968) Former Czech President, Alexander Dubček Communism with a human face!

  22. “Prague Spring” Dashed! Dissidents/playwrights arrested [like Vaclav Havel—future president of a free Czech Republic].

  23. Part II:“EuropeanUnion”

  24. European Economic Integration • 1947  General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade [GATT] • 23 nations. • Became the foundation of postwar global commerce. • It set up procedures to handle commercial complaints. • It provided a framework for continuing negotiations [“rounds”]. • By 1990, 99 nations were participating.

  25. European Economic Integration • 1952  European Coal & Steel Community [ECSC]. • HQ in Luxembourg. • “Inner Six”  Benelux nations, France, Italy, W. Germany. • Placed their coal and steel industries under a form of supranational authority. • Eliminated tariff duties and quotas on coal and steel.

  26. European Economic Integration • 1957  European Economic Community [EEC] • HQ  Brussels. • Treaty of Rome.

  27. European Economic Integration • 1957  European Economic Community [EEC] • France, W. Germany, Italy, Benelux. • Created a larger free trade area, or customs union. • Eliminate all trade barriers. • One common tariff with the outside world. • Free movement of capital & labor.

  28. European Economic Integration • 1967  combined the ECSC & EEC to form the European Community [EC]. • HQ  Brussels. • European Parliament. • “Eurocrats.” • 518 members [elected by all voters in Europe]. • Only limited legislative power. • Court of Justice.

  29. European Economic Integration • 1991-92  Maastricht Agreements • European Union [EU] created from the EC. • One currency, one culture, one social area, and one environment! • Create a “frontier-free” Europe  a common EU passport. • One large “common market.” • Goods coming into the EU would have high tariffs placed on them. • 2002  a common currency [Euro] • 2003  60,000 men EU rapid defense force was created.

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