LEARNING

1. LEARNING Prof. K. Sivapalan

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6. Why learn? ? To obtain certificate for jobs ?Financial benefits ?social recognition ?self benefits ?social benefits ?[justifying dominant persons needs] ?natural instinctual behaviour Learning

7. Reward and Punishment in Learning and Memory • Stimuli that cause neither of these are not remembered. • The limbic system has much to do with selecting the information to be learnt and thrown away. • About 99% of the input is thrown away and only 1% is learnt.

8. Emotional and Logical Brains Learning

9. LEARNING A process that results in change of behavior. Learning is acquiring new knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, preferences, understanding, and may involve synthesizing different types of information Human learning may occur as part of education or personal development It may be goal-oriented and may be aided by motivation Learning

10. . • LEARNING is the insatiable curiosity that drives the student to absorb everything that is seen, heard or read. • The student who says, "I am discovering, drawing in from the outside, and making that which is drawn in a real part of me" is learning. • The experience of the learner should progresses along this line: • "No, no, that's not what I want"; • "Wait! This is closer to what I am interested in, what I need"; • "Ah, here it is! Now I'm grasping and comprehending what I need and what I want to know!" Learning

11. Teaching Methods Factory Model SPICES Model. Learning

12. Learning

13. Learning and Teaching • Done by……. • Purpose…..? • Result of not doing…… • Whose responsibility …… Learning

14. Teaching and Learning What is learning? What is teaching? • Acquiring knowledge, skills and attitude • Learning results in change of behavior • Done by the student and the student only • Starts at 35 weeks of gestation and never ends • Wisdom is acquired • Trying to impart knowledge, skills and attitude. • Teaching may result in learning or not. • Done by the teacher, books, other students, etc. • Starts on admission and ends with certification • Can we teach wisdom ? Learning

15. Learn what? • Cognitive- such as learning to recall facts, to analyze, and to solve a problem • Psychomotor- such as learning to perform the correct steps in a dance, learning to swim, learning to ride a bicycle, or drive a car • Affective- such as learning how to like someone, "to hate sin", to love one's country (patriotism), to worship God, or to move on after a failed relationship. Learning

16. Attitudes It is a tendency to respond to various aspects Directional- favourable direction Based in knowledge component Linked to feelings or emotion Linked to stable [core] factors Enduring character over a period of time Susceptible to change Learning

17. Remembering • Short term and long term memory. • Repetition. • Association.[ mnemonics] • Reasoning. Learning

18. Forms of Memory • Explicit memory • Implicit memory • Short-term memory • Working memory • Long term memory

19. Explicit Memory • Also called declarative and recognition memory. • It is associated with consciousness or at least awareness. • Events [episodic], rules, words and language [semantic] • Dependant on hippocampus and parts of temporal lobe.

20. Implicit Memory • Does not involve awareness • Also called nondeclarative or reflexive memory. • Includes skills, habits, and conditioned reflexes. • It does not involve hippocampus. • Explicit memory can become implicit once it is learnt thoroughly.

21. Short-term Memory • Lasts for seconds to hours during which processing in hippocampus or elsewhere lays down long term memory. • Memory traces are subject to disruption by trauma and drugs. • Working memory is a form of short term memory. • It keeps information for very short periods while the individual plans actions on it.

22. Long term Memory • Involves changes in synaptic strength. • Stores memories for years or sometimes for life. • Memory traces are remarkably resistant to disruption. • Involves protein systhesis. • Importance of good nutrition for good learning and memory.

23. Basis of Memory. • The key to memory is the strength of selected synapses. • It involves protein synthesis during conversion of short term memory into long term memory. • Protein deficiency is associated with poor memory.

24. Teaching Methods. • Lectures. • Practicals • Tutorials • Giving objectives. • Examination. Learning

25. Assist learning Lecture Tutorial Practical Library Facilitate discussion Facilitate self learning Are the above enough to fulfill the vision and mission of the university? Do the examinations signify satisfactory fulfillment of the objectives Learning

26. Learning Methods. • Listening actively – lectures, tutorials etc. • Reading. • Writing notes. • Discussions- tutorials, approach teachers, peer groups, seniors. • Answering. • Experimenting and reasoning. • Experience and participation. • Dealing with patients and people. Learning

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28. LEARNING AND RETENTION- QA council Lecture- 5% Reading- 10% Audio-visual- 20% Demonstration- 30% Discussion group- 50% Practice by doing- 75% Teach others / immediate use of learning – 90% Learning