PASADO: P otrok A ike maar lake S ediment A rchive D rilling pr o ject

1. PASADO: Potrok Aikemaar lake SedimentArchiveDrilling project

2. Laguna Potrok Aike(southern Patagonia, Argentina)the site of theICDP lake drilling project Bernd Zolitschka, Flavio Anselmetti, Daniel Ariztegui, Hugo Corbella, Pierre Francus, Andreas Lücke, Nora Maidana, Christian Ohlendorf, Frank Schäbitz, Stefan Wastegard

3. PTA Southern Hemisphere LGM • Laguna Potrok Aike (PTA) is climatically • influencedby: • El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) • Antarctic Oscillation (Polar Easterlies) • Southern Hemispheric Westerlies

4. South America Lago Cardiel Lago Viedma Lago Argentino Southern Patagonia Crater lakes of the Pali Aike Volcanic Field Southern Patagonia

5. Volcanological map of the Pali Aike Volcanic Field Laguna Potrok Aike Age of the backarc volcanism: Pliocene to Holocene (3.8-0.01 Ma) Zolitschka et al., 2006 (Scientific Drilling)

6. Laguna Potrok Aike

7. LANDSAT 7, BANDAS 5,4,1 DEL 04/10/99 LANDSAT 7, BANDAS 5,4,1 DEL 26/09/02 Landsat images from E. Mazzoni et al. Precipitation: 325,6 mm INTA meteo station Hydrological variability Precipitation: 153.1 mm

8. Glacial? overflow: 21 m above PDLL Little Ice Age: 8.8 m above PDLL PDLL: present day lake level -35 m Lake level changes 8.7 – 7.3 cal. BP: 35 m below PDLL 21 m 8.8 m 0 m = PDLL Anselmetti et al., 2009 (Sedimentology)

9. Laguna Potrok Aike is hydrologically sensitive Seismic (3.5 kHz) and sedimentological evidence of a lake level low stand, i.e. a hydrological extreme event, at the submerged -35 m lake level terrace 7300 cal. BP 44,800 BP Anselmetti et al., 2009 (Sedimentology)

10. Observed hydrological variations Year Lake level changes Evidences AD 2006 Reference level Measurements AD 2002 3,5 m lower Measurements Little Ice Age (19th century) 9,0 m higher Dated lake level terrace ~7300 cal. BP 36,8 m lower Dated submerged lake level terrace Pre-Holocene 21 m higher Highest lake level terrace; geomorphological evidence of an outflow; sedimentological evidence of a non-end-lake situation

11. Laguna Potrok Aike

12. Our vision

13. GLAD800 Deep drilling http://www.icdp-online.de Recovering sediments of up to several hundred meters was scheduled for September to November 2008

14. PTA Time frame ofPASADO in perspective Dome C Vostok Marine record 0 200 400 600 800 Age (ka BP) EPICA community members, 2004

15. is co-funded by: International funding Potrok Aike maar lake Sediment ArchiveDrilling project (PASADO) is funded by:

16. Development of a maar • Schematic structure of the Tertiary Messel Maar (Germany) with: • lacustrine sediments • volcano-clastic sediments • diatreme breccia • basaltic vent Felder & Harms 2004

17. Comparison of Messel with Laguna Potrok Aike N-S seismic reflection profile Pirrung et al., 2003 Schulze et al., 2005 Gebhardt et al., subm.

18. PASADOhas two priorities Focus A: 1. Lithosphere dynamics 2. Volcanic systems Investigation of the Cenozoic back arc volcanism, phreatomagmatic formation and analysis of early sedimentation in a young maar diatreme and its volcanic history. Focus B: 1. Earth history 2. Global environment 3. Climate change

19. Focus B Climate reconstruction spanning several glacial cycles (the last 770 ka) based on • Monitoring approach to understand and quantify links between climatic and environmental forcing on the sedimentary record. • Multi-proxy approach combining different proxy parameters for quantitative climate reconstruction. • Modelling approach applying model-proxy intercomparisons to understand and quantify climatic processes and the links between climate variability and climatic forcing. • Inter-archive approach to link this lacustrine record with South Atlantic marine sediment records and with Antarctic ice cores.

20. The potential of Laguna Potrok Aike prior to drilling GLAD-800 1 m ~400 m ~600 m 19 m last millennium last 16,000 years Diatreme flank diatreme- bedrock transition last glacial cycles + diatreme breccia Anselmetti et al., 2009 (Sedimentology)

21. New techniques need to be applied and international scientific cooperation as well as funding is necessary to recover more than the intended 450 m of lacustrine sediments from 100 m deep Laguna Potrok Aike. This calls into action: & Drilling, Observation and Sampling of the Earth’s Continental Crust International Continental Scientific Drilling Program

22. The active PIs of PASADOPASADO workshop 2006 • Andreas Lücke6, GER • Nora Maidana7, ARG • Christian Ohlendorf8, GER • Frank Schäbitz9, GER • Stefan Wastegard10, SWE • Bernd Zolitschka1, GER • Flavio Anselmetti, CH • Daniel Ariztegui2, CH • Hugo Corbella4, ARG • Pierre Francus, CAN 8 10 4 Missing on this group photo are: Flavio Anselmetti and Pierre Francus 6 9 2 7 1

23. PASADO project design Completed in 2008 Ongoing, completed in 2009 Started in June 2009 To come in 2010 and later Ongoing

24. Reality:Report about the field work in 2008 and first data

25. Mobilisation: Only after two weeks of delay trucks were able to drive to Laguna Potrok Aike…

26. … and finally were unloaded near the lake!

27. In the meantime the camp* was set up *Potrok City

28. The „Launcher“ almost ready to go!

29. Trucks, winches, crane, forklift:most welcome help during the process of launching

30. With a delay of one month the platform was operational

31. Drilling was carried out at these sites

32. Almost exclusively the Hydraulic Piston Corer (HPC) was used…

33. … to recover 533 m of sedimentswith a mean recovery rate of 94.3 %.

34. MSCL at work in the field laboratory

35. Sedimentology section of the field laboratory

36. Pore water sampling in the field laboratory

37. Distress at lake

38. Drilling summary • Drilling time applied for: 60 days • Total hole depth applied for: 1850 • Drilling time applied for: 60 days • Potential drilling time on the lake: 34 days • Actual drilling days: 12 • Weather-related downtime: 16 days • Downtime for technical reasons: 6 days • Total hole depth applied for: 1850 m • Realised total hole depth: 533 m • Drilling time applied for: 60 days • Potential drilling time on the lake: 34 days • Total hole depth applied for: 1850 m • Realised total hole depth: 533 m

39. What we have achieved after field work was over… GLAD-800 1 m 19 m 100 m last millennium last 16,000 years Diatreme flank last ≈100,000 years Anselmetti et al., 2009 (Sedimentology)

40. Ultimate goals of PASADO: well dated multi-proxy quantitative climate reconstructions in combination with a climate-model intercomparison • Several „absolute“ dating methods (AMS 14C, Ar/Ar, OSL) will be applied in combination with stratigraphic „dating“ methods (tephra, pollen, paleomagnetic intensity)  multiple dating approach • Quantitative climate reconstructions: • First results are available for pollen transfer functions • Establishment of training sets is ongoing for chironomid and diatom transfer functions • Tests have been successfully carried out for biomarker (TEX86) • Proxy-model intercomparisons evaluated proxy-based hypotheses with GCM climate simulations applying regional climate modelling

41. Scientific goals Core opening started in March 2009 and will continue throuhghout the year. Based on a precise chronology we will obtain data and reconstructions about: • Microbial activity (deep biosphere) • Provenance of organic and minerogenic sediments • Volcanic activity • Dust storm frequency • Occurrences of natural fires • Variations of the Earth‘s magnetic field • Evolution of the lacustrine ecosystem • Water balance • Quantitative and qualitative climate parameters • Temporal and regional variability of Southern Hemispheric Westerlies

42. Information about PASADO is available in the world wide web • PASADO project homepage: http://www.pasado.uni-bremen.de • ICDP homepage: http://www.icdp-online.org or http://www.icdp-online.org/contenido/icdp/front_content.php?idcat=722

43. Coring conditions Vielen Dank! Merci beaucoup!Muchísimas gracias!Thank you for your attention!

44. Vielen Dank! Merci beaucoup!Muchísimas gracias!Thank you for your attention!