1 / 34

Origins

Origins. What do stars and the advent of the universe have to do with the Oceans?. The Universe . Lets start at the beginning….we think??? Cosmology is a branch of astronomy Cosmologists concern themselves with the study of the universe and how it formed.

colton
Download Presentation

Origins

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Origins What do stars and the advent of the universe have to do with the Oceans?

  2. The Universe Lets start at the beginning….we think??? Cosmology is a branch of astronomy • Cosmologists concern themselves with the study of the universe and how it formed. • Cosmology is really an ancient science • 3000 to 4000 years ago Egyptians, Chinese and Babylonians studied the heavens • Practical considerations (at least for them) • Sowing and harvesting • Calendars • Astrological predictions

  3. The Greeks Plato and Aristotle Aristarchus Eratosthenes Ptolemy

  4. The Modern Era Copernicus Brahe Kepler Galileo Isaac Newton

  5. The Twentieth Century Einstein Penrose Hawking

  6. The Big Bang At a point in time the universe began • 13.7 billions of years ago • Probably from a hyper dense point called a singularity • That singularity expanded with such force that the universe itself is still expanding!

  7. Theoretical Base

  8. Big Bang Time Table

  9. Fusion ----- Energy

  10. Einsteinian Theory Matter and energy are interchangeable Explains in theory how a very dense mass of energy could evolve into matter in the form of atomic hydrogen and then helium through an intermediate stage of quarks, lepton and other subatomic particles

  11. After the Big Bang Hydrogen bubbles of gas began to bundle due to gravitational forces They began to rotate and collapsed along their rotational axis As these atomic particles spun heat was generated and when temperatures reached 15 billion degrees the thermonuclear reaction converted hydrogen to helium

  12. Galaxies After 300,000 years the protostars became so numerous they began to be attracted in to galaxies Although galaxies can take differeny shapes most are disc shaped.

  13. Galaxy Stats

  14. The Milky Way A spiral galaxy About 120 thousand light years in diameter 100 to 400 billion stars Center of the spiral is a black hole • Massive – 3.6 million times the sun • The sun is about 26,000 light years from the core • Sun rotates around the core about every 235 million years

  15. The Sun Our star The center of our solar system All other matter revolves around the sun Sun itself accounts for about 99.8 % of the mass of the solar system Sun’s surface is consists of hydrogen • 74% of its mass • 92% of it volume

  16. Sun Life Cycle Sun formed about 4.5 billion years ago • Results of hydrogen molecular cloud collapsed • It is about half way through its evolution • Nuclear fusion reactions in the core fuse hydrogen into helium • Each second more than 4 million tons of matter are converted into energy producing solar radiation

  17. Suns Structure Sun is a perfect sphere - nearly Sun exists in a plasmic state not a solid Sun rotates at its equator faster than at the poles • 26.5 days at the equator • 33.5 days at the poles • Apparent rotation from earth is about 28 days (due different vantage points from earth)

  18. The Core Temperature 13,600,000 degrees Kelvin • Scientific measurement of temperature • 5,800 degrees Kelvin at the surface Radiative Zone • Solar material hot and dense • Heat transfers to the surface • Transfer is by radiation (hydrogen and helium ions emit photon of light – in about a million years they reach the surface)

  19. Convection Zone • Surface down to the radiative zone • About 70% of the solar radius • Important because solar plasma is not dense enough to transfer heat energy through radiation alone • Thermal convection occurs as thermal columns carry hot material to the surface or photosphere

  20. Photosphere Visible surface of the sun Layer below which becomes opaque to visible light Above the photosphere visible light is free to propagate into space and energy escapes the sun entirely

  21. Atmosphere Above the photosphere Solar cycles • Sunspots • 11 year cycle • Intense magnetic activity • Reduces energy transport to the surface • Great influence on space weather

  22. Chromosphere Above the photophere • Spicules flame like protrusions that rise and fall

  23. Distance from Earth

  24. Sunspots and Prominences Sunspots – dark spots • Magnetics fields • More sun spots less energy emitted • Exist in a cycle of 11,000 years Prominences • Flame like limbs

  25. Planets and Moons Nine planets • Terrestrial • Jovian 35 moons 30 + other satellites Asteroids Meteors

  26. Comets Water, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide, and Methane Oort Cloud • Edge of solar system • Long period comets • Halley • Hale Bopp Kuiper Belt • Closer to Neptune and Jupiter • Short periods • Shoemaker Levy 9

  27. Asteroids Rocky metallic objects • Too small to be planets • Orbit the sun • Between Mars and Jupiter Size of asteroids • Ceres 1000 km. • Peebles Origin • Left over from formation of the solar system • Sixteen identified > 240 km Composition • >90 % stone (silicates) • 5 % iron and nickel Asteroids, meteroids, and meteorite

More Related