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Ancient Rome

Ancient Rome. Label the following: Corsica Sardinia Sicily Po River Arno River Tiber River Mediterranean Sea Tyrrhenian Sea Adriatic Sea Ionian Sea . City of Rome (and area controlled by Rome) Ostia Apennine mountain range Alps mountain range

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Ancient Rome

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  1. Ancient Rome

  2. Label the following: Corsica Sardinia Sicily Po River Arno River Tiber River Mediterranean Sea Tyrrhenian Sea Adriatic Sea Ionian Sea City of Rome (and area controlled by Rome) Ostia Apennine mountain range Alps mountain range Etruscan settlements (purple dots) Greek settlements (black dots) Colour the map according to fertile, mountainous and water regions. Map Assignment: Page 197

  3. Italy’s Geography • The Roman Empire was strategically located on the Italian Peninsula, in the centre of the Mediterranean Sea. • Early settlers to this area easily traded with the Middle East, Greece, Egypt, Spain and North Africa.

  4. Very mountainous region: • Travel difficult • Communication difficult • Protection from invasions

  5. Three main rivers: • Po • Arno • Tiber

  6. Many fertile areas near rivers provided many types of foods and building supplies: • Wheat • Grapes • Olives • Timber • Concrete

  7. Rome’s Beginnings: • The Romans lived on the peninsula with two other groups: Greeks and Etruscans. • Etruscan armies soon took over most of what the Romans had. • One Etruscan family – the Tarquins – soon developed a dynasty.

  8. Ancient Rome-Rise to Power:Part 1: (about 25 minutes) 1. What great structure did emperor Vespasian build in 70 AD? 2. What part of urban planning was the Roman’s greatest invention? 3. What helped make Rome the first ‘Superpower’ of the world? 4. There were civilized people already in Italy when the Greeks first arrived, and these people taught the Romans everything they knew before the Romans created their own empire. Who were these people? 5. What was Rome’s first step on their way to creating their own empire? 6. According to Roman legend, who killed his twin brother to become the first king of Rome?

  9. Video: Ancient Rome – Rise to Power • Section 2: • 7. What was the great innovation (new idea) of king ServiusTullius? • 8. Why did the Romans decide to never again live under the rule of a king? • 9. What kind of government did they decide to create? • 10. What did the Romans call the Gauls (from what is now France) who threatened and attacked them? • 11. What did Cincinnatus do that was considered so great to the Romans?

  10. The last Etruscan ruler – Tarquin the Proud, was overthrown by a new, stronger Rome in 509 BCE. • Rome was strongly influenced by the Etruscans, from them they had learned: • use of the arch • aqueducts • drainage systems • walled cities • alphabet • religion • Metal-working • Compulsory military service

  11. The Republic: • Republic – citizens elected representatives to run the government. (only members of noble families, called patricians) Two groups of citizens: • Patricians – the wealthy landowning class • Plebeians – the common (lower) class • The plebeians elected two tribunes to represent them in the senate.

  12. Defending the Republic: • Envious neighbors began attacking Rome (Gauls, Etruscan city-states to the south etc) • Romans soon went on the offensive. • Army was organized into Legions of 5000 men. • Legions were subdivided into groups of 120 in ‘ranks’ of 10 lined up behind each other in ‘files’ of 12.

  13. Soldiers: • Hasti– young and inexperienced. (Spears/javelins) • Principes– older, more experienced. (stronger weapons, shields) • Triarii– veterans

  14. Title Page: Roman Life Inside: 1) Social Structure, pg 232-233: (2 facts for each of the four pyramid levels) 2) Everyday Life: pg 234-7: a)TheFamily, b) Education (3 facts for each) 3) Roads, pg 253: (3 facts) 4) Aqueducts, pg 254: (3 facts) 5) Entertainment: pgs 240-243: a)Chariot racing, b)Gladiators, c)Baths, d)Banquets (Give three facts for each) Rome Flip Book (32 points):

  15. The Punic Wars: • Roman Republic’s first territorial interest outside Italy was in Africa – the city of Carthage. • Carthage was a naval power and controlled several areas around Italy such as the island of Sicily.

  16. Purple = Carthage = Phoenicians = Punics

  17. Rome wanted control of Carthage for two reasons: 1. Carthage controlled Sicily which was rich in wheat and could therefore provide a valuable source of grain. 2. Carthage’s navy was a threat to Roman trade in the Mediterranean. This rivalry led to the Punic Wars.

  18. Assignment: 1st Punic War: • 1. In what years did the first Punic War take place? • 2. What did Rome do that caused the war? • 3. After Rome had been losing early on in the war, what changes did they make to their ships which helped them eventually win? • 4. When the Romans won the war, what two things did they make the losing Carthaginians do for them?

  19. 2nd Punic War: • 5. In what years did the second Punic War take place? • 6. What had the Carthaginian general HamilcarBarca done to threaten Rome? • 7. What had Barca’s son Hannibal done to threaten Rome? • 8. What did Rome demand Hannibal do? • 9. What promise had Hannibal made to his father? • 10. What was unusual about the way in which Hannibal attacked Rome? • 11. Was Hannibal successful in his cavalry attack on the Romans? Explain. • 12. What did the Romans do to Hannibal’s brother Hasdrupal? • 13. When the Carthaginians realized they had lost, they asked for peace, what did they offer • the Romans as reparations (repayments) for the war? • 14. How did Hannibal react to his defeat at the battle of Zama-the only defeat in his military career?

  20. 3rd Punic War: • 15. In what years did the third Punic War take place? • 16. What had the Carthaginians done to cause the third war? • 17. How did the Romans react/feel about what the Carthaginians had done? • 18. What did the Romans do to the city of Carthage? • 19. What happened to the people of Carthage? • 20. What happened to the land/territory in North Africa where Carthage was located?

  21. Ancient Rome: Expansion and Conquest • 1. From which people did the Romans steal their early weapons and armour? • 2. From which people did the Romans steal the basic organization of their military? • 3. Which other empire did Rome begin fighting with for territory in North Africa, Spain etc? • 4. How did the Romans learn to build ships for their navy? • 5. Who did Rome see as the first real threat to the survival of its empire? • 6. What did General Marius give to his veteran soldiers in the army?

  22. Ancient Rome: • http://vjessome.wikispaces.com/ • Click on: Social Studies 10 • Scroll down to: • A) On-line quizzes (complete these) • B) On-line games (have fun) • C) No other websites-these only!

  23. Decline of the Roman Republic: • Rome was spreading its rule – demanding more taxes and enslaving more people. • The gap between rich and poor was growing bigger. The rich hated and feared the poor, a.k.a “the mob”. • Popular leaders tried to improve conditions for the poor.

  24. Reformers (also brothers who were Tribunes): • Tiberius Gracchus: • Wanted to limit the amount of land one family could own. • Wanted to divide public land and give to the poor. The Senate was not happy with him and provoked a • riot; Tiberius and his followers • were murdered.

  25. Gaius Gracchus: • Felt the poor should be moved from the city back to the country. • Gave free wheat and grain to the poor. • Senate had his followers arrested and killed, he fled and committed suicide.

  26. Military General Reformed the army by opening it to everyone. Provided uniforms, weapons and training to soldiers. Offered land and pensions to the poor. Gaius Marius:

  27. Lucius Sulla: • He opposed Marius, invaded Rome and defeated him. • Sulla declared himself a dictator and forbid Generals to command for more than one year.

  28. Ancient Rome: Expansion and Conquest Part 2: (10 mins-27:27-37:27) • 7. Who was the first general to use the loyalty of his army to seize power in Rome? • 8. Besides being a good politician, what did Caesar need in order to improve his reputation and power? • 9. When Caesar was called back to Rome by the senate, why didn’t he want to return to Rome without his army?

  29. Julius Caesar: • When Sulla retired, a new group of Generals fought for control of Rome. • Forming a triumvirate (Ruled by three) Crassus, Pompey and Julius Caesar. • J.C. believed in one man rule! • When Crassus died, Caesar and Pompey fought for power in a civil war. • When Pompey was murdered, Caesar gained power. • “Vini, Vidi, Vici” “I came, I saw, I conquered” – Julius Caesar

  30. Caesar’s Accomplishments: • Publicworks projects (roads, buildings) • Redistributed state land and founded new Roman colonies overseas • Gladiatorial games that were free • Increased sizeof Senate (lessening the power of each Senator) • Increased soldier’s pay to secure their loyalty • Gave Roman citizenship to Greeks, Spaniards and Gauls. • Created the Julian calendar.

  31. J.C. appointed himself “Dictator for Life” over Rome’s citizens. • This did not keep his popularity with the senators. • March 15, 44 BCE – 60 men, mostly senators, carried out a plot to assassinate Caesar. Known as “The Ides of March”, it was when Caesar was stabbed to death.

  32. The Roman people then turned against those conspirators who had killed Caesar. • Led by Caesar’s nephew Octavian, forces were gathered to execute more than 2000 enemies of Rome. • Political power turned to another triumvirate, ruled by Octavian and two others.

  33. Ancient Roman Bingo: • Augustus • Barbarians • Carthage • Consuls • Dictator • Diocletian • Etruscans • Latins • Martyrs • Apollo • Legion • Mediterranean • Mob • Patricians • Plebeians • Republic • Spartacus • Tiber • Tribunes • Triumvirate • Gracchus • Marius • Caesar • Gladiator • Aqueducts • Baths • Divination

  34. The Second Triumvirate

  35. Augustus Caesar (Octavian): • Octavian became sole ruler in 4 years. • Ruled with absolute power, but did not flaunt it (he remembered what happened to Caesar). • Considered the first ‘Emperor of Rome’ • Worried about his protection, so he did two things: 1. Had every soldier swear allegiance to him personally. 2. He chose people to help him rule based on their ability, not their social class.

  36. The PaxRomana: • A.C. is thought to have brought peace to the Roman Empire. • This time period became known as the PaxRomana. (Roman Peace) • He did not try to gain more territory. • Made Rome more beautiful, set up a fire brigade and a police force. • Had his own protective force, the Praetorian.

  37. After he died, several rulers were his descendants and were unpopular tyrants: • Tiberius: was too tight with money, didn’t spend it on public games. • Caligula: was insane, named his horse a consul, was assassinated by Praetorian Guard. • Nero: vain, cruel, revengeful-ordered the assassination of many people he felt were opponents.

  38. After Nero, Senate and army played more active role in selecting emperor. • Between 96 and 180 CE, era called “Five Good Emperors”, such as: • Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antonius Pius, Marcus Aurelius • These rulers kept the senate informed, consulted it regularly, sought its approval.

  39. Under the Five good emperors: • Kept taxes low and provided work • Civilization flourished • Hundreds of cities built in territories and connected with paved roads. • Latin became common language throughout the empire-forming basis of French, Spanish, Italian, Portugese, Romanian.

  40. The PaxRomana continued for about 200 years after Augustus Caesar died. The Empire started to collapse for numerous reasons such as: No set rule of who inherited the title of Emperor, therefore power struggles. No new money (gold) coming to Rome because no new territories were being conquered. Problems with the military. Foreign invasions. Divisions between rich and poor, freemen and slaves.

  41. Constantine’s Change:

  42. Two emperors made attempts to save the empire: • Diocletian: Divided the empire into two parts; east and west. He ruled the east and allowed someone else to rule the west. • Constantine 1st: After first trying to control both parts of the empire, he eventually gave up and moved the capital city to Constantinople (Turkey). • In 410 CE, Germanic tribes conquered the city of Rome.

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