ECGD 4121 – Transportation Engineering I Lecture 2

1. Faculty of Applied Engineering and Urban Planning Civil Engineering Department 2nd Semester 2008/2009 ECGD 4121 – Transportation Engineering I Lecture 2

2. Introduction • Transportation engineering is an essential component of the civil engineering discipline • Transportation engineering aims to provide the safe and efficient movement of people and/or goods in an environmentally conscious manner.

3. Importance of Transportation • Ability to tap natural resources and markets • Allows specialization of industry, commerce, or scientific aspects • Increases competitions in all fields • Military requirements • Social benefits

4. Basic Areas • Traffic Engineering • Transportation Planning • Highway & Bridge Design • Maintenance (signs, roads, etc.) • Air quality • Asset management • Safety • Construction • ITS

5. Key Milestones in Transportation History • 1794 - First toll road • 1830 - First railroad • 1838 - Steam ship on Atlantic ocean • 1865 - First successful oil pipeline • 1866 - Bicycles introduced in US • 1888 - Electric streetcar • 1903 - First airplane • 1914 – Panama canal • 1961 – Manned spaceflight

6. Key Milestones in Transportation History

7. Transportation Engineering Profession • Planning • Design • Construction • Operations • Research

8. Transportation Organizations • Private Companies • Regulatory Agencies • Federal Agencies • State & Local Agencies • Trade Associations • Professional Societies • Consumer Associations

9. Transportation Finance • Federal and/or state sources for: • Highways (Construction, maintenance, and law enforcement) • Urban mass transit • Railways (Urban and rural systems) • Waterways (Inland waterway and marine) • Airports

10. Transportation Finance Taxes and Fees • Gasoline tax • Vehicle registration tax • Sales tax from lubricants • Sales tax from title fees

11. Highway Finance Toll Roads

12. Highway Finance Heavy Vehicle Tax

13. Main Transportation Challenges • Maintenance and rehabilitation • Reconstruction and expansion • Congestion • Safety • Environment • Proper integration of technology

14. Challenges Congestion in Urban Roads

15. Challenges Congestion in Urban Intersections

16. Challenges Safety Measures

17. Challenges Existing Highway System Maintenance

18. Challenges Existing Highway System Rehabilitation

19. Challenges Transportation Security • Air Transport • Maritime/Waterway Transport • Highway • Pipeline • Railway

20. Challenges Major Consequences • Environmental pollution (air, water, land, and noise) • Reduction in safety levels • Delays in transit time • Loss of excess fuel • Economic negative impact

21. Solutions Improved High Capacity Highways

22. Solutions Efficient Management of Existing Systems • Highways: • Pavement Management Systems • Life-cycle cost analysis • Better & rapid maintenance techniques • Reduction in maintenance time

23. Solutions More Efficient Transportation Utilities

24. Solutions More Efficient Use of Existing Utilities (HOV)

25. Solutions Multi – Modal Transportation Systems

26. Solutions Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)

27. Highway Systems Railway Systems Airway Systems Waterway Systems Pipeline Systems Primary Transportation Modes

28. Primary Transportation Modes

29. Passenger Transportation Air Transportation

30. Passenger Transportation Passenger Rail Transportation High Speed Rail Normal Speed Rail

31. Passenger Transportation Cycled Transportation

32. Passenger Transportation Urban Mass Transit

33. Freight Transit Air Freight

34. Freight Transit Waterway Freight Barges on Inland Waterways Maritime Container Ships

35. Freight Transit Rail Freight

36. Freight Transit Trucking Freight

37. Freight Transit Pipeline Systems

38. Traffic Engineering (ITE’s Definition) It is the phase of transportation engineering that deals with the planning, geometric design, and traffic operations of roads, streets, and highways; their networks, terminals, abutting lands, and relationships with other modes of transportation.

39. Elements of Traffic Engineering • Traffic studies and characteristics • Performance evaluation • Facility design (not road design) • Traffic operations • Transportation systems management • Integration of ITS technologies

40. Objectives of Traffic Engineering • Safety is the primary goal • Provide mobility and access • Operation • Speed of movement • Ability to get from point A to point B in a timely logical manner • Consider the environment • Air, water, land, and noise

41. Responsibilities in Traffic Engineering • Traffic engineers have closer relationship with public than other CE engineering disciplines • Public safety depends on traffic engineers • Key participants and decision-makers are not engineers and often do not understand basic traffic engineering concepts and how they affect projects

42. Responsibilities in Traffic Engineering • Traffic engineering projects often affect bottom line of developers, business owners, etc • Pressure to give the desired answer rather than the right answer • Pressure to understimate negative impacts and overestimate positive ones

43. Responsibilities in Traffic Engineering • Greatest risk is an incomplete analysis • The traffic engineer has responsibility to protect the community from liability by good practice

44. Responsibilities in Traffic Engineering Common areas of liability: • Placing control devices that do not conform to applicable standards for their physical design and placement • Failure to maintain devices in a manner that ensures their effectiveness • Failure to apply the most current standards and guidelines in making decision on traffic control, devoting a facility plan or conducting an investigation • Implementing traffic regulations without proper legal authority