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Chapter 17 To the west

Chapter 17 To the west. By Nick Gribik. The Columbian Exchange. Transfer of: People, animals, plants and diseases from the old world to the new world Caused epidemics to the natives because they had no immunity built up for diseases like smallpox. The Columbian Exchange.

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Chapter 17 To the west

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  1. Chapter 17To the west By Nick Gribik

  2. The Columbian Exchange • Transfer of: People, animals, plants and diseases from the old world to the new world • Caused epidemics to the natives because they had no immunity built up for diseases like smallpox

  3. The Columbian Exchange • Transfer of plants Radically changed the natives diets Americans also offered the Europeans their crops • Livestock European livestock was destructive to fields

  4. Europe in America • Spain: green (Brazil became a viceroyalty of Spain) • British: red • French: blue • These were three of the main European nations in the Americas

  5. Spain • Conquistadors • The First Spanish in the Americas • They were sent to conquer all land for Spain • Council of the Indies • Institution responsible for supervising Spanish colonies from 1524 to early 1700’s

  6. Spain • Taxes • Taxes were paid by silver and gold mines and sugar plantations in Brazil • Viceroys • Highest ranking officials in the new world • Each viceroyalty divided into judicial and administrative districts

  7. Spain • Religion • The Christian church became the main place of worship • Christianity was a way to spread European culture to the natives of the new world • Clergy members would try to get natives to convert to Christianity

  8. Spain • Economy • Silver mining took place mostly in Peru and Mexico • Generated more wealth than the gold that was found in Latin America • Potosi: single richest silver deposit found in the Americas • Sugar plantations based in Brazil

  9. Spain • Economy • All of the wealth lead to urbanization • Mining lead to change in the natural environment • Encomienda • The forced labor of the natives

  10. Spain • Basically slaves • Natives did most manual labor with little pay • Women and children forced to work in order to have enough money to survive • Some Amerindians moved permanently to Spanish mines

  11. Spain • Society • Merchants, artisans, miners, priests, and lawyers made it to the Americas • Some beggars, criminals, and prostitutes also made it • Thousands of blacks participated in the conquest of the Americas

  12. Spain • Mestizos • The term used by Spanish authorities to describe someone of mixed Amerindian and European descent • Mulattos • The term used by Spanish and Portuguese colonies to describe someone of mixed African and European descent

  13. Spain Spanish Colonists

  14. British • Sir Humphrey Gilbert • First tried to start a colony in Newfoundland in 1583 • The colony was abandoned within a year

  15. British • Roanoke • The next attempted colony • Located in Virginia • Colony “disappeared and still today no one is sure what happened there

  16. British • Jamestown • First successful British colony • Located in southern US • Lived off of plantations • Most plantations were tobacco based • Had to build a fort to ward off Indian attacks

  17. British • Indentured servants • At one point 80% of British immigrants were indentured servants • This means they had to work an average of 4-7 years to in order to travel to the new world

  18. British • New England • Pilgrims • Left because of religious persecution • Landed at Plymouth Rock in 1620 • Government developed the governor • Squanto helped the struggling colonists survive

  19. British • New York • Originally owned by the Dutch and called Manhattan Island • Taken by the British and was renamed New York • Pennsylvania • Founded by William Penn • Became know for its Quakers

  20. British The Mayflower that the first Pilgrims arrived on

  21. British • Late 17th century • The Crown passed navigation acts that angered the colonists • Colonists responded by overthrowing officials in Manhattan • 18th century • Major increase in urbanization

  22. France • First Colonies in the Americas • The French first settled in Canada • Later they settled in Louisiana

  23. France • Colonies • Colonies were developed in places more similar to Spain than Britain, • The colonies were also built more similar to the Spanish style • The patterns of their settlement also matched the Spanish

  24. France • Work • For the most part, France came to the Americas for missionary work • They took to many of the resources, and depleted deer and beaver populations

  25. France • Deer and Beaver • The Amerindians were very dependent on these two animals • Since the population was low, Amerindians were forced to buy European goods • Needless to say the Indians were mad, which caused ……

  26. France • The French and Indian War • The French were defeated by the British • Forced to give up Canada to England • Also forced to give up Louisiana to Spain

  27. France This picture depicts the angry Indians Fighting furiously against the French

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