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1. 主页面 Unit 10 Reports on Britain Under the Bombs

2. >> WARM-UP ACTIVITIES Pair Work- discussion War is never an isolated act.There is no doubt that war is violent, bloody and cruel.Then what causes the war? What consequences does war actually bring to the human world? Tips for talk

3. >> WARM-UP ACTIVITIES Tips Throughout history, sad to say, the world was seized with the greed for power and therefore cursed with one war after another. To our greater distress, however, we have stepped into ages of high civilization, but we still find no way to keep humanity free of the threat from war. To my mind, it is still the swelling of one country’s ambition for the regional conquest or the whole world. Driven by such a knowing-no-bounds ambition, the country-to-invade tries to find one or more excuses to start a war, such as terrorism, human rights, nuclear threat, axis powers of evil, etc..

4. >> WARM-UP ACTIVITIES Tips To the effects of depleted uranium (DU) weapons To family To economy To the environmental destruction To the degradation of infrastructure and basic services …

5. Before Reading-background information >> Background Information Edward Roscoe Murrow (爱德华R·莫罗) • Edward Roscoe Murrow, KBE (born Egbert Roscoe Murrow; April 25, 1908 – April 27, 1965) was an American broadcast journalist. He first came to prominence with a series of radio news broadcasts during World War II, which were followed by millions of listeners in the United States and Canada. Fellow journalists Eric Sevareid, Ed Bliss and Alexander Kendrick considered Murrow one of journalism's greatest figures, noting his honesty and integrity in delivering the news.

6. Before Reading-background information >> Background Information Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS for short) • The origins of CBS date back to the creation, on January 21, 1927, in Chicago, of the "United Independent Broadcasters" network. Established by New York talent agent Arthur Judson, United soon looked for additional investors; the Columbia Phonographic Manufacturing Company (also owners of Columbia Records), rescued the company in April 1927, and as a result, the network was renamed "Columbia Phonographic Broadcasting System." Columbia Phonographic went on the air on September 18, 1927. In 1971 it adopted the name CBS, Inc. In 1995 CBS, Inc. was bought by the Westinghouse Electric Corporation, which changed the name in 1997 to the CBS Corporation.

7. Before Reading-background information >> Background Information Home Guard (英国地方军，地方志愿军) • The Home Guard (initially "Local Defense Volunteers" or LDV, or in slang, Look-Duck-Vanish, hence the name change) was a defense organization of the British Army during the Second World War. Operational from 1940 until 1944, the Home Guard — comprising 1.5 million local volunteers otherwise ineligible for military service, usually owing to age, hence the nickname 'Dad's Army' — acted as a secondary defense force, in case of invasion by the forces of Nazi Germany and her allies. The Home Guard guarded the coastal areas of Britain and other important places such as airfields, factories and explosives stores.

8. Before Reading-background information >> Background Information Royal Air Force • The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the United Kingdom's air force, the oldest independent air force in the world. Formed on 1 April 1918,the RAF has taken a significant role in British military history ever since, playing a large part in World War II and in more recent conflicts. The RAF operates 1,109 aircraft and, as of October 2009, had a total man power strength of 44,300 regular, and 2,500 part time personnel. These 46,800 active personnel make it the largest air force in the European Union, the second largest in NATO and fifth largest in the world. RAF Badge

9. Before Reading-understanding the text >> Text Structure Analysis The text can be divided into four parts Part one (Para. 1-2) : How Murrow, as a reporter of the CBS, told of England’s battle for survival under German bombs.His heroic voice convinced people that London would be there. Part two (Para.3-9): According to Hitler, no city could endure the crash of his bombs with everywhere and the whole city in war flames, for he had successfully captured Warsaw and Rotterdam this way. But London endured and carried on the business of life as usual. Writing Skills: This part develops by Descriptionof Murrow’s voice in order to show his belief that London would not be destroyed, no matter what it had to endure Writing skills:This part develops by giving a general statement supported by specific details which are displayed by comparison and contrast.

10. Before Reading-understanding the text >> Text Structure Analysis Part Three (Para. 7-11) : Murrow used his voice sounded heroic to report about the battle, and conveyed the truth of the city’s existence. For he knew all the people of the city had all united to protect their homeland at any cost. Part four (Para.12-20): To sup up that Murrow’s prediction “Mark it down that whichever political system best provides for the defense and decency of the little man will win.” proved to be accurate. Writing Skills: This part develops by deduction. The writer first gave evidences , then sum up . Writing skills: This part develops by quotation. The author employed what Murrow predicted to present his own viewpoints.

11. Global Reading-main idea Para. 1Night after night, in the hot summer and early fall of 1940, a deep, steady voice came over the Atlantic Ocean from England to America， telling of England’s battle for survivalunder the waves ofGerman bombers. This strong and steady voice, an American voice with a slight accent of North Carolina, belonged to Edward R. Murrow, head of the European staff of the Columbia Broadcasting System. >> Language Points >Text

12. 句型 Global Reading-main idea Para. 2“This is London,” said Murrow, while the bombs fell and flames spread on the streets of the city. His voice had a tone of sorrow for the suffering of that ancient city, and a tone of confidence, too—a feeling of belief that London would be there, no matter what it had to endure. It could not be destroyed. >> Language Points >Text

13. Global Reading-main idea Para. 3The heavy raids began in the middle of August, and Nazi bombs started to fall along England’s Channel Coast.The German bombers cast dark shadows overthe white cliffs of Dover, andEngland’s Home Guard prepared to fight on the beaches, on the cliffs, and in the hills, until the last Englishman died or the invaders were driven off. >> Language Points >Text

14. Global Reading-main idea Para. 4Air Marshal Goering’s bomber pilotsweresure oftheir ultimate triumph over England. Hitler and Goering believed thatwhen London became a burned city like Warsaw or Rotterdam, England would surrender. >> Language Points >Text

15. Global Reading-main idea >> Language Points >Text Para. 5But the English were more fortunate than the Poles in Warsaw and the Dutch in Rotterdam. They had the English Channel as a barrier against the Nazi ground forces, and they had the Royal Air Force (RAF) to battle the Nazis in the sky.

16. 句型 Global Reading-main idea Para. 6The hardships of London really started in the first week of September, when Hitler was at last convinced that the English did not intend to give in. On September 7, 1940, nearly four hundred German bombers hammered the city with bombs in broad daylight. Goering boasted, “This is the historic hour when our air force for the first time delivered its bombs right into the enemy’s heart.” >> Language Points >Text

17. Global Reading-main idea >> Language Points >Text Para. 7Fires burned, houses fell, gas pipes burst, and dark smoke rose from the streets. Men, women, andchildren felt the effect of the bombs.Radar sirens wailed, ambulances rushed from one place of agony to another, and firefighters faced the flames hour after hour.

18. 句型 Global Reading-main idea Para. 8It seemed impossible for any city to take so much punishment and continue to endure. It seemed impossible for people of the city to do their daily jobs, to work and eat and sleep and carry on the business of life, with the crash of bombs all around them and planes spitting fire in the skies above. >> Language Points >Text

19. Global Reading-main idea >> Language Points >Text Para. 9But the city endured. Trains brought commuters in from the suburbs. Buses bumped along the streets. The fires were brought under control. Bottles of dairy milk arrived in doorways, and women took them in, as though the war were a thousand miles away. Newspapers appeared and people bought them, hurrying to work and reading reports of the battle raging over London.

20. 翻译 Global Reading-main idea Para. 10And Edward R. Murrow went on the air, saying in his deep, steady voice, “This is London.” He spoke as though nothing could ever keep him from saying those words. He did not speak them with any attempt to sound heroic. He simply voiced the quiet truth of the city’s existence. >> Language Points >Text

21. Global Reading-main idea Para. 11Murrow knew that Britain’s fate depended upon the resolution of the people in the shops and streets, the men in the pubs, the housewives, those watching for fire on the roofs, the people who had a thousand difficult and painful things to do. >> Language Points >Text

22. Global Reading-main idea >> Language Points >Text Para. 12Much depended upon the handful of pilots who rose day after day and night after night to meet the flocks of Nazi bombers.The pilots in the RAF reached the limits of exhaustion and then went beyond those limits, still fighting.

23. Global Reading-main idea Para. 13But the people of London were also in the front lines, and they didnot have thesatisfaction of being able to fight back.They couldn’t reach up and smash the enemy planes. They had to dig quickly in cellars to rescue their friends who had been buried underneath the wreckage. They had to put out endless fires. They had to stand firm and take whatever the enemy threw at them. >> Language Points >Text

24. 翻译 Global Reading-main idea Para. 14In a broadcast on October 1, 1940, Murrow declared: “Mark it down that these people are both brave and patient, that all are equal under the bomb, that this is a war of speed and organization, and that whicheverpolitical system best provides forthe defenseand decency of the little man will win.” >> Language Points >Text

25. Global Reading-main idea Para. 15Murrow’s projection of eventualvictory forthe ordinary people proved to be accurate. The Nazi powers were finally defeated by the Allied nations. >> Language Points >Text

26. Global Reading-main idea Under the waves of : 在…..的轮番攻势下 >> Language Points >Text Translation: 在轮番的心理攻势之下，犯罪分子构筑的防线开始垮塌。 Under the waves of psychological offensive, the line of defense the criminal had set up came to collapse. Back

27. >> Language Points >Text Sb.’s voice has a tone of …, and a tone of …, too—a feeling of belief that …, no matter what / how …某人的声音里传递着一种······，但同时还传递着一种······ ——无论······都 / 也 ······· 用于表述“某人声音里真正要传递的信息”。 Back

28. >> Language Points >Text Cast dark shadows over: 给…..投下阴影 Translation: 当局说因为债务和失业率不利于经济发展，今年这一状况将没有改善。 Authorities say the situation is not likely to improve this year as debt and unemployment continue to cast a shadow over the economy. Back

29. Global Reading-main idea Hermann Wilhelm Göring (also spelled Goering) (12 January 1893– 15 October 1946) was a German politician, military leader, and a leading member of the Nazi Party. Among many offices, he was Hitler's designated successor, and commander of the Luftwaffe (German Air Force). He was a veteran of the First World War as an ace fighter pilot. After the Second World War, Göring was convicted of war crimes and crimes against humanity at the Nuremberg Trials. He was sentenced to death by hanging, but committed suicide by cyanide ingestion the night before he was due to be hanged. >> Language Points >Text Back

30. Global Reading-main idea Were sure of their ultimate triumph over: 确信最终战胜…… >> Language Points >Text 我们深信正义最终会战胜邪恶 We are sure of the ultimate triumph of justice over evil. Back

31. >> Language Points >Text The hardship / happiness of sb. really starts／ends up in …, when …某人的苦难／幸福实际上开始／结束于······时间，那时······ 用于表述“某人的艰难或幸福开始或结束时的情形”。 Back

32. >> Language Points >Text It seems impossible for anyone to do sth. But sb. make it.做某事对任何人来说都似乎是不可能的。但是某人做到了。 用于强调“某人在逆境中的过人之处”。 Back

33. Global Reading-main idea 他说这几个字的时候，并不刻意显示出一种英雄气概。他只是沉着地告诉人们一个事实：这个城市依然存在。 用于强调“某人的真实目的”： Sb. do not do sth. with any attempt to do sth. else. Sb. simply want to …某人做某事时，并不刻意······。某人只是想······ >> Language Points >Text Back

34. Global Reading-main idea have the satisfaction of being able to ……: 有做某事的满足感 e.g. I have the satisfaction of being amply rewarded for my efforts. 我为自己的努力得到充分的报偿而感到高兴。 >> Language Points >Text Back

35. Global Reading-main idea 请记住：这些人既勇敢又有耐心；在炸弹轰炸下人人平等；这场战争是速度和组织性的较量；能最好地保护平民百姓并保持其尊严的政治体制将赢得胜利。 用于表述“某人对某事的感悟或感慨”: Mark it down that …, that … and that …请记住：······; ······; ······ >> Language Points >Text Back

36. Global Reading-main idea One’s projection of sth: 某人对某事的预言 >> Language Points >Text E.g. When George Orwell's 1984 came out in 1949, his dystopia projection of a totalitarian state was far in the future. 乔治.奥韦尔在1949年发表《一九八四》时，预言的糟糕的极权主义国家还没到来。 Back

37. >> Language Points > New Words Survival: n.– [U] state of continuing to live or exist; surviving 幸存，残存 FOR EXAMPLE: the survival of the fittest 适者生存The man was caught up every day in the struggle for survival. 男人每天为生存而奋斗。 Now you try: 近亲繁殖威胁着中国老虎的生存。 Inbreeding threatens survival of China tigers . 日复一日的生存斗争压倒了其它一切。 The day-to-day struggle for survival overrode all other things. 

38. >> Language Points > New Words Wave n. –a sudden increase in a particular activity, esp. an undesirable or unpleasant one 热浪 A heat wave A new crime wave A wave of displeasure They defy difficulties and advance wave upon wave.  A wave of fear 犯罪高峰 情绪 他们不怕困难，前扑后继。 情绪

39. >>Language points > New Words Cast – 1) vt. Put,cause or direct // throw with force 投 抛 2) n.C. all the actors in a play // an act of throwing 扮演 The setting suncast long shadows across the garden. He was cast as Othello/cast in the role of Othello. You shouldcastyour doubts aside. The fishermencast their nets into the sea. 投下 扮演 打消 撒网

40. >>Language points > New Words 1. travel, usu. in a vehicle, in an uncomfortable way because the surface is rough 颠簸而行 bump:v. 2. hit (sth.) with force, esp. accidentally 碰撞 1）From now on, it‘s unlikely for the military to return to power in this country, and party politics will bump along under the current framework. 今后 ,这个国家重回军政权统治的可能性小 ,政党政治会在现有框架下 ,在经济基础与上层建筑的矛盾中颠簸前行 2）Now, hold on to the rail. Don't bump into others.    抓好扶手，别撞着别人。 FOR EXAMPLE: Now you try: 那辆旧公共汽车在山路上颠簸行驶。 当你有这种感觉的时候，为了发泄怨恨，你就会蓄意撞人。 The old bus bumped along the mountain road. It's when you feel like this that, out of resentment, you begin to bump people back. 

41. >> Language Points > New Words to give sth. to sb. else because you have been forced to do so or because it is necessary to do so 交出，放弃 surrender:vt. FOR EXAMPLE: Neither side is willing to surrender their weapons. 双方都不愿放下武器。 Now you try: 向敌人投降?我们宁死不屈。 Surrender to the enemy ? We will die first.

42. >> Language Points > New Words in broad daylight: openly 光天化日之下； 公开地 FOR EXAMPLE: A few bad guys robbed city bank in broad daylight. 几个劫匪光天化日之下抢劫了银行。 Now you try: 他们在大白天进了王宫，作弄了那些保安人员。 They got into the palace inbroaddaylight, and made monkeys out of the security men. 

43. endure mark down agony cast surrender rescue decent smash give up/in save (from danger) last for a long time good or acceptable break into pieces pain or suffering write down throw Words Matching >> Guided Practice

44. an American voice with a slight accent of North Carolina a feeling of belief that London would be there, no matter what it had to endure cast dark shadows over the white cliffs 这个带有着一点北卡罗来纳口音的 美国音 一种相信无论要去忍受什么苦难伦敦也将 巍然屹立的信念 在白色的峭壁上投下了黑色的阴影 Chinese to English >> Guided Practice

45. be sure of their ultimate triumph over England ambulances rushed from one place of agony to Another stand firm and take whatever the enemy threw at them 相信他们会最终战胜英国 救护车从一个充满痛苦的地方 向另一个充满痛苦的地方飞速 行驶 坚强起来，去承受敌人带给他 们的任何灾难 >> Guided Practice

46. Reference After Reading-story telling • >> Story Telling • Group Work：Please retell the story with the words and phrases given below. World war two, London, hardships, Hammer the city with bombs, sirens wailed not intend to give in, carry on business of life , insistence, victory

47. >> Story Telling After Reading-story telling During the World war two, life in London was filled with sorrow and pains because Hitler’s Nazi air force hammered the city with bombs. Murrow, head of the European staff of CBS spoke repeatedly ”This is London”. He did not speak them with any attempt to sound heroic. He simply voiced the quiet truth of the city’s existence. With bombing, fires burned , houses fell, dark smoke rose from the street and sirens wailed . But London people did not intend to give in. They pulled together and helped one another to live through the hardships. They carried on the business of life with the crash of bombs and planes spitting fire in the sky. Because of their effort and insistence, they resisted to the end. The Nazi powers were finally defeated, and London people gained the victory eventually.

48. After Reading-assignment >> Assignments Writing • Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of “Creating a Green Campus”. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: • 1、建设绿色校园十分重要 • 2、绿色校园不仅是指绿色的环境…… • 3、为了建设绿色校园，我们应该……

49. After Reading-assignment >> Assignments • Creating a Green Campus • Recently the topic of a green campus has been widely debated which has aroused public attention. Undoubtedly, a green campus, the indispensable part for the development of college students, has a profound impact on both individuals and society, for its significance cannot be denied. • A green campus environment, rather than anything else, plays a decisive role in the growth of college students. Needless to say, a green campus includes not only the places where the students live, but also the mental environment. If there were no green surrounding among the college students, their soul would be not as pure as we wish. In that case, in no place other than campus should we attempt to make a green atmosphere.

50. After Reading-assignment >> Assignments • In view of the seriousness of the situation, it is imperative for us to take effective measures to create a green campus. In the first place, it is essential that law and regulations be worked out and enforced by the government and authorities. Furthermore, it is ripe time that we enhanced the awareness of the students themselves. Only in this way, can we get a satisfactory result. With these measures taken, it is reasonable for us to believe that a green campus will be achieved in the near future.