Warm-up: Image Analysis

1. Warm-up: Image Analysis • What do you see here? • Where might this scene be taking place? What evidence makes you think this? • What time period do you think this represents and what evidence makes you think this? • Who might the female figure in the white represent? What is her purpose here? • What might the telegraph lines that she is leaving behind symbolize? • Describe the varying types of transportation you see. • Describe the different types of people and cultures you see. • Why do you think the animals and Natives are fleeing? ***Read Chapter 7 Section 1 when you finish…starts on p. 212.

2. American Progress-John Gast • IN JOHN GAST'S "AMERICAN PROGRESS," (1872) A DAINTILY CLAD AMERICA FLOATS WESTWARD THRU THE AIR WITH THE "STAR OF EMPIRE" ON HER FOREHEAD. SHE HAS LEFT THE CITIES OF THE EAST BEHIND, AND THE WIDE MISSISSIPPI, AND STILL HER COURSE IS WESTWARD. IN HER RIGHT HAND SHE CARRIES A SCHOOL BOOK-- TESTIMONIAL OF THE NATIONAL ENLIGHTENMENT, WHILE WITH HER LEFT SHE TRAILS THE SLENDER WIRES OF THE TELEGRAPH THAT WILL BIND THE NATION. FLEEING HER APPROACH ARE INDIANS, BUFFALO, WILD HORSES, BEARS, AND OTHER GAME, DISAPPEARING INTO THE STORM AND WAVES OF THE PACIFIC COAST. THEY FLEE THE WONDEROUS VISION--THE STAR "IS TOO MUCH FOR THEM."

3. Manifest Destiny • The 19th century belief that the United States would inevitably expand westward to the Pacific Ocean and into Mexican territory. U S A

4. President James Monroe • Elected in 1816 (Democratic-Republican) • Served: 1816-1824 • Term nicknamed: “Era of Good Feelings” • Most famous for: Monroe Doctrine

5. Nationalism (Cultural and Political) and the Era of Good Feelings • Star-Spangled Banner (1814 Francis Scott Key) • Basically a one-party system (Democratic-Republicans) • Solidified American expansion and borders • Secured US as a respected nation • Growth of a national economy • Webster’s school speller • Various paintings of Revolutionary War heroes, etc.

6. Rush-Bagot Agreement • A long term effect of the War of 1812 • Disarmament treaty between the U.S. and Britain- both sides agreed to limit the number of naval ships in the Great Lakes to 5 • First successful disarmament treaty for the U.S. • Shows: new world power for the U.S.

7. Adams-Onis Treaty- 1819 • Pinckey’s Treaty- 1795, U.S gets Spain to promise they will control the Native Americans living in Florida; America gets Mississippi River • War of 1812 = new era for the U.S. • Once the Seminoles begin to attack the Americans in Georgia, America goes back to Spain • This time, America says it is taking Florida (evidence of a level of world power for America). They say they will pay Spain, but they never do!. • Long term: evidence Spain is leaving the new world!

8. Back to Africa Movement • Refers to slaves in America • Offered the opportunity to return to Africa. They would be sent to Liberia. • Slaves began coming to America in 1619; it is now 1820… many slaves would not be “returning” • Given his efforts, Monroe is the only president with a foreign capital named after him: Monrovia, Liberia

9. British-American Convention • A long term outcome of the War of 1812 • Settled the Canadian-American border: officially becomes the 49th parallel

10. Monroe Doctrine • Set the American foreign policy agenda for decades • Became more important as time went on • Began as a result of pressure from the British • America felt it was best to act alone

11. Monroe Doctrine • 4 Basic Parts: • America is different from European nations • America will not interfere in the affairs of Europe or existing colonies • The “new” world (Western Hemisphere) is closed to new colonization • America will consider any attack on any nation in the Western Hemisphere as a threat to their security and will attack back

12. Monroe Doctrine • Impacts: • Allows America time to focus on domestic issues • Set the stage for America’s influence over Latin America • Annoys some European countries, but has no real influence over America’s relationship with them

13. Monroe Doctrine Map • On the map provided: • You need to find a way to illustrate the Monroe Doctrine on the map of the world • You need to make sure you depict all four parts • It does not matter HOW you do this….you do it in a way that makes sense to you

14. Movement West • As a result of the Louisiana Purchase and the information provided by Lewis and Clark, Americans start moving west in greater and greater numbers • As more Americans moved west, America changed • Movement west influenced the economy by opening up a new market for Southern and Northern goods • Also influenced the growing abolitionist movement

15. Missouri Compromise • First time America had to deal with whether or not slavery should spread • Missouri wanted to become a state- but they had slaves! • Northern states were against this because this would give the Southern states more power • At this point, there was an equal number of slave and free states = equal power in the Senate • Adding Missouri would give slave states an additional 2 votes

16. Missouri Compromise • At first, Missouri is denied statehood • But then, Maine petitions to become a state and they have NO slaves- allowing a chance for a compromise • Big ideas: • Missouri = slave state • Maine = free state • 360 30’ line of latitude would divide the rest of the Louisiana territory…everything north would be closed to slavery, everything south would be open to slavery • First visible sectionalism in America

17. Panic of 1819 • First severe economic downtown in America’s history • Period of contraction: time when economic markers such as unemployment, foreclosures, business losses and closures are all on the rise • Panic: period of contraction that lasts for less than 6 months • Recession: period of contraction between 6 -12 months • Depression: period of contraction greater than 1 year • Believed in Laissez-faire and did nothing to aid the economy • Fortunately for him, the economy recovered in time for the 1820 election • Hardest hit: western ‘speculators’ (people invested in western land)

18. Closure: Text Analysis • The Monroe Doctrine (1823) • On December 2, 1823, President James Monroe sent a message to Congress stating that the continents of North and South America shall never again ``be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers.'' He also made it clear that the United States would consider any attempt by European nations to interfere in the affairs of any country of the Western Hemisphere as a direct threat to the peace and safety of the United States. What does this mean? Did Monroe have the right to do this? Does the US have the right and/or responsibility to act as an international "big brother"? • Speaker: • Occasion: • Audience: • Purpose: