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Wave and Plate tectonics

Wave and Plate tectonics. Rosie and Sophie!!!. Map of Plate tectonics. geosynclinals theory.

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Wave and Plate tectonics

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  1. Wave and Plate tectonics Rosie and Sophie!!!

  2. Map of Plate tectonics

  3. geosynclinals theory • In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, geologists assumed that the Earth's major features were fixed, and that most geologic features such as mountain ranges could be explained by vertical crustal movement. This is called the geosynclinals theory.

  4. Types of plate boundaries

  5. More facts on plate boundaries • Three types of plate boundaries exist, characterized by the way the plates move relative to each other. They are associated with different types of surface phenomena. The different types of plate boundaries are: • Transform boundaries occur where plates slide or, perhaps more accurately, grind past each other along transform faults . The relative motion of the two plates is either sinistral (left side toward the observer) or dextral(right side toward the observer). The San Andreas faults in California is an example of a transform boundary exhibiting dextral motion. • Divergent boundaries occur where two plates slide apart from each other. Mid-ocean ridges (e.g., Mid-Atlantic Ridge) and active zones of rifting (such as Africa's Great Rift Valley) are both examples of divergent boundaries. • Convergent Boundaries (or active margins) occur where two plates slide towards each other commonly forming either a subductionzone (if one plate moves underneath the other) or a Continental collision (if the two plates contain continental crust). Deep marine trenches are typically associated with subduction zones. The sub ducting slab contains many hydrous minerals, which release their water on heating; this water then causes the mantle to melt, producing volcanism. Examples of this are the Andes mountain range in South America and the Japanese island arc.

  6. Volcanoes

  7. How volcanoes are formed. • A volcano is an opening, or rupture, in a planet's surface or crust, which allows hot magma, ash and gases to escape from below the surface. • Volcanoes are generally found where tectonic plates are diverging or converging

  8. Types of volcanoes • Shield volcanoes • Lava domes • Crypto domes • Volcanic cones (cinder cones) • Stratovolcanoes (composite volcanoes) • Super volcanoes • Submarine volcanoes • Sub glacial volcanoes • Mud volcanoes

  9. Earthquakes • An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor, or temblor) is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth'scrust that creates seismic waves

  10. Measurements • Magnitude is a measure of the amount of energy released during an earthquake • The Richter scale was invented

  11. Finding the epicentre. • You need to find the difference between the arrival times of P and S waves. From there three or more stations put their results and data together and make circles of distance with a chart. When all three of them cross at a point that is roughly where the epicentre is.

  12. BYE!!!!!

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