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Technology Briefing

This advanced briefing covers input, processing, and output devices in computer hardware, including keyboards, mice, scanners, smart cards, and more. It delves into system units, CPUs, primary and secondary storage, optical disk storage, magnetic tapes, and video output technologies. Learn about the critical components that form the infrastructure for managing information systems efficiently.

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Technology Briefing

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  1. Technology Briefing Advanced Topics and Trends in Managing the Information Systems Infrastructure (Hardware)

  2. Information Systems Hardware • Input Devices • Used to enter information into a computer • Processing Devices • Transform inputs into outputs. • Output Devices • Deliver information to users in a usable format • Some considered storage device as the 4th part of hardware

  3. Input Devices • Keyboard is used to enter text and numbers • Types of Keyboard: • Traditional: QWERTY keyboard. How the letters is arranged on the keyboard • Ergonomic: resembled widen v-shape and designed to reduce stress on wrists, hand, and arms while typing • Virtual: uses laser and infrared technology to project full size QWERTY on any surface

  4. Pointing and Selecting Devices Hardware that requires the user to point at screen and select menu/instruction E.g., mouse, light pen, touch pad, touch screen, joystick etc.

  5. Entering Batch Data • Scanner is used to input repetitive information or data in batches or large groups. • Types include: handheld and flatbed scanners

  6. Other Scanning Technologies • Smart Cards: Special credit-card size cards that contain microprocessor chip; memory circuits; magnetic stripe used to stored specific data and used as a medium to input them into systems • Biometric devices: A types of security device that grants or denies access to a resource (e.g. facilities, computer systems) through analysis of fingerprints, retinal patterns in the eye, face geometry, or other bodily characteristics.

  7. Audio Input • Audio refers to the sound that has been digitized for manipulation, storage, and replay. • Voice Input: Microphone • Other Forms of Audio Input: Electronic keyboards using Musical instrument digital interface (MIDI)

  8. Video Input • Video is sequence of still images representing scenes in motion (moving picture) • Digital (video) camera- captures images or short video clips. Using the input from webcam, a PC can create: 1) Streaming video: Compressed form of video that can be sent over the Internet. Images are displayed on the screen as they arrived. 2) Streaming media: Streaming video with sound.

  9. system unit system unit system unit system unit System Unit • System Unit is the physical box that house all the following: (1) Motherboard, power supply, and fan, (2) Central processing unit (CPU), (3) RAM and ROM memory, (4) Hard drive, CD-ROM or DVD-ROM drive, and (5) Ports for plugging in peripherals

  10. Motherboard, Power Supply and Fan • Mother board: Contains all components that do the actual processing work of the computer. It is a large fiberglass/plastic circuit board. Other components are connected to it • Power Supply: Converts electricity from socket to a lower voltage between 110 to 240 volts AC. • Fan: to cool the air inside the system unit.

  11. Central Processing Unit (CPU) • CPU is also known as the Microprocessor, processor, chip • Ex: Intel Pentium 4, IBM Power5 • Responsible for performing all of the operations of the computer • Arithmetic logic unit (ALU): • Perform math and logical operations • Control unit: • Fetch program instructions • Decode instructions • Retrieve data • Store results

  12. Primary Storage • For temporary storage to support computer processing. Has two type: RAM and ROM. • Random-Access Memory (RAM): Computer’s main or primary memory. Stores the programs and data currently in use. It is Volatile and memory is lost when the computer is turned off • Read-Only Memory (ROM): Can be read but cannot be written to. Nonvolatile. BIOS Basic Input/Out System (firmware code) • Erasable ROM (EEPROM): Flash memory. Can be written to and erased. Secondary storage / Removable.

  13. Secondary Storage • Nonvolatile storage for permanently storing data. • E.g., Hard disk, CD-ROM disk, magnetic tape etc.

  14. Hard Drives and Diskettes • Hard Drives: A secondary storage device usually located inside the system unit. Have Several magnetic disks and high storage capacity. Storage capacity about 100-300 GB. Can have external drive too. • Diskettes: Portable magnetic media with capacity of 1.44MB. Has becomes obsolete

  15. Optical Disk Storage • Uses laser beam technology to read and write • CD-ROMs (compact disc-read-only memory) • CD-R (compact disc-recordable) • CD-RW (compact disc rewritable) • DVD-ROM (digital versatile disk-read-only memory) • Shorter-wavelength laser beam • Digital Video Disks • Blu-Ray

  16. Magnetic Tapes • Used for large-capacity storage • Consists of narrow plastic tape coated with a magnetic substance • Physical forms could be in reels or cassettes • Capacity of storage is up to 1 TB • Slow processing Problem in difficulty of locating specific data on tape

  17. Video Output • Used to display information from a computer. • Video output display can come in forms of: • Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) • Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) • Organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) • Projectors

  18. Printers and Plotters • Plotter: Output device used to transferring engineering designs from PC to drafting papers. • Printer: Used to small size documents. Divided into the following types: • Dot Matrix (b) • Ink-jet (c) • Laser (d)

  19. subwoofer speakers Audio Output • Sound card and speakers • Sound card translates digits into sound • Also used to capture sound • Other audio output • E.g., USB headphones

  20. Types of Computer • Types of computer can be divided into the following (1) Supercomputer, (2) Mainframe, (3) Midrange, and (4)Microcomputer or personal computer. • They can be differentiate based on the number of simultaneous users, physical size, typical usage, memory size, and cost. • Micro computer can be categorized into two: (1) stationary (e.g. desktop and standing) and portable (e.g. notes book, tablet and handheld)

  21. Supercomputers • Users: 1-to-many • Size: Automobile—multiple rooms • Typical use: Scientific research • Memory: 5000+ GB • Cost: $1-20 million

  22. Mainframes • Users: 1000+ • Size: Refrigerator • Typical use: Large general purpose business & gov’t • Memory: Up to 1500+GB • Cost: $1-10 million

  23. Midrange Computers • Users: 5-500 • Size: File cabinet • Typical use: Midsize general purpose business, typically for a department or small organizational units • Memory: up to 20 GB • Cost: $10,000-100,000

  24. Microcomputers or PCs • Users: 1 • Size: handheld—fitting on desktop • Typical use: personal productivity • Memory: 512MB-2GB • Cost: $200-5,000

  25. Portable Computers • Notebook computers: Light weight, Battery powered and Limited expandability • Tablet PC: Type of notebook that accepts input from an electronic pen. E.g. Slate model &Convertible model) • Handheld Computers: Small computers that can be carried in a pocket. Niche in the portable computers market. E.g. Personal digital assistants (PDAs) & Cell phones

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