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Intangible Assets and Finance. Kazuyuki Motohashi Professor, Department of Technology Management for Innovation, The University of Tokyo. Outline of Lecture. Value of IP: Conceptual framework Firm’s IP use strategy: variations by firm size, industry and strategic focus
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Intangible Assets and Finance Kazuyuki Motohashi Professor, Department of Technology Management for Innovation, The University of Tokyo
Outline of Lecture • Value of IP: Conceptual framework • Firm’s IP use strategy: variations by firm size, industry and strategic focus • How to measure IP value • IP and finance: some examples of institutional arrangement
Value of patent • Intrinsic value of inventions: how to measure? • The value of patent is unique for everybody? If it is not the case, technology market will emerge. • Is there any value added by patenting? :why patent and why not patent?
Mini Case R&D group in your company has just invented new material which is very light as well as strong. Will you patent this invention? or keep it in trade secret? Why? Case 1: If you are small company producing auto parts where you can use this new material? Case 2: If you are large auto company and will heavily use this technology by yourself. Case 3: If you are large auto company, but outsources auto parts production to subcontractors, who may use this technology.
How to measure IP value? • Market approach • Market transaction data (licensing deals) • Stock performance by IP announcement • Patent quality index by bibliometric information • Citations • Patent breaths (claims) and families (intl. application) • Post (pre) grant opposition and infringement • Income approach • (Expected) Discount Cash Flow (DCF) method • Real option approach
Value of drug licensing deals(in US, million US$) (Kinukawa and Motohashi, 2009)
DCF Method(in case of pharmaceutical compound) Discounted sum (Expected) cash flow after launch
Marginal value of patenting? • Yes, particularly for SMEs and start-up companies (with existence of information asymmetry) • Empirical studies suggest that Patenting start-ups are more likely to receive Venture financing • However, patent as collateral for loan? Not likely, because there are substantial uncertainty in value actualizations • There are some institutional solution for financing out of IPs
Intellectual Property Trust System • Could be securitized • Investor 1 • Investor 2 …
IP license insurance scheme (2) license Japanese Company (Licensor) ForeignCompany (Licensee) (3) delay of payment (4)payment of insurance money NEXI (Nippon Export and Investment Insurance) (1) Payment of Premium