City Development Strategies for Poverty Reduction: Dosso and Maradi, Niger

1. City Development Strategies for Poverty Reduction: Dosso and Maradi, Niger CDS Sub-Saharan Africa – Niger Summary Translate the national poverty reduction objectives and the goals of the national Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper into specific poverty reduction objectives appropriate to the specific context of each of the two cities involved;and validate and disseminate a city development strategy process and tools based on the specific cases of Dosso and Maradi,in collaboration with the Association of Cities and Communes of Niger. Objectives Activities • Identify and adapt specific objectives to reduce urban poverty in the 2 cities (based on the participative process launched through the national programme of urban infrastructure rehabilitation (PRIU)); • Establish at the level of the 2 cities institutional mechanisms and operational tools in order to increase the impact of development programmes on poverty reduction; and • Establish, validate and disseminate an approcah to city development strategies for all urban communces in Niger and the programme of priority actions. • Develop a detailed assessment of the state of both cities, including a poverty assessment and analysis of the economic role of both cities in their respective regions; • Identify urban development constraints, including institutional bottlenecks (based on the two cities); • Prepare a City Development Strategy for each of the two cities; • Develop and disseminate a national urban development strategy based upon the CDS experience of Dosso and Maradi. Submission Budget and Time Implementation CA Sponsor*: AfD World Bank Request to CA: $ 245,000Co-financing: $ 105,000Total Budget: $ 350,000 Submitted by: Association of Cities and Communes of Niger, Mayors of Dosso/Maradi Duration: Time: 15 months Implemented by: PRIU, Niger CA Monitor:Peter Palesch Expected Impact and Results (i) A better choice of urban investment with a better cost/benefit relation and increased employment, better targeting of the needs of the urban poor, and better matching of local resources; (ii) A clear definition of roles between the different actors who intervene in local development, strengthening of local and regional actors for their own development and a strengthening of participatory decision-making processes at the local level; (iii) Strengthened local capacity for poverty reduction within the national and local framework. * Additional sponsoring partners include Coopération Française (France), Coopération Belge (Belgium), CIDA (Canada) and KfW (Germany).

2. South African Municipal Water and Sanitation Partnership Initiative Slum Upgrading Sub-Saharan Africa – South Africa Urban service delivery under Apartheid was entirely separate for the white and black areas, and as a result of this separation, much of the 90 percent of the population that is non-white still lives in areas not adequately supplied with essential urban services, such as water and sanitation. The proposed activity will support a targeted number of municipalities to extend and improve the quality of water and sanitation services by first identifying needs and opportunities for improvement, introducing management improvements to water and sanitation, and leveraging private finance for capital investment. Summary Objectives Activities • Identify and implement municipal water and sanitation service management measures, and financing alternatives, that expand and improve service to the urban poor; • Strengthening the relationship between the community and local authorities in relation to the investment, management and monitoring of water and sanitation services; • Increasing private sector involvement in municipal water and sanitation investment; • Assisting the Municipal Infrastructure Investment Unit in deepening community participation in the full range of project development activities. • Conducting feasibility studies; • Facilitation of negotiations amongst stakeholders; • Adoption of Municipal action plans; • Implementation of recommendations; • Structuring of capital invesment; • Identification of indicators and benchmarks to monitor management improvements. Submission Budget and Time Implementation CA Sponsor: USAID, DFID, World Bank Request to CA: $ 500,000 Co-financing:$18,070,000 Total Budget: $18,570,000 Submitted by: Municipal Infrastructure Investment Unit (MIIU) Duration: Time18months (to 36 months) Implemented by: MIIU CA Monitor:William Cobbett Expected Impact and Results • Overall increased value of expanded water services for historically disadvantaged population (HDP); • Increased number of HDP households receiving quality water and sanitation services; • Increased mobilisation of domestic capital for expanded municipal water and sanitation services; • Improved engagement with stakeholders, including organisations of the urban poor, in setting priorities and in monitoring water and sanitation services; • Performance indicators and benchmarks to monitor management impacts.

3. Regional Development and Poverty Reduction Plan through Strategic Urban-Rural Linkages and Regional Integration CDS East Asia and the Pacific - Indonesia Summary City Development Strategies (CDS) with a perspective of regional integration will assist the provincial government level in regional coordination through the development of instruments which are compatible with the concepts of CDS at the local level and the national planning instruments. Objectives Activities • Further development of existing urban planning instruments reflecting visions for sustainable economic growth, balanced economic development and poverty reduction; • Inclusion of a regional perspective into urban development planning; • Dissemination of practical experiences and lessons learned; • Assistance in the preparation of cross-regional financing and investment plans. • Review and update existing planning instruments (atlases) with a view to regional integration; • Articulate strategies for urban development in a regional context; • Formulate guidelines for inter-provincial, inter-municipal and urban-rural coordination and propose mechanisms for stakeholder participation at a regional level; • Develop mechanisms for planning, financing, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of inter-provincial investment programmes; • Support dissemination of the results and assist local and provincial governments in preparing inputs for annual budgeting. Submission Budget and Time Implementation CA Sponsor: The World Bank, Japan Request to CA: $ 250,000Co-financing: $ 370,000Total Budget: $ 620,000 Submitted by: Regional Secretary of the Province of Yogyakarta and 5 local governments Duration: 12 months Implemented by: The World Bank CA Monitor:Peter Palesch Expected Impact and Results • Regional scope will expose more clearly environmental impacts of urban growth; • Strengthening of participatory processes; • Advocacy of political reform and consensus-building; • Leveraging of assets and mobilisation of financial resources.

4. Mongolia: Development Strategy for SecondaryCities CDS East Asia and the Pacific – Mongolia The Government of Mongolia is concerned about increasing population and mounting poverty in Ulaanbaatar due to a lack of economic opportunities in smaller provincial towns. The proposed City Development Strategies will promote a participatory approach to strategy formulation in 5 secondary cities with a focus on consensus building among stakeholders. Summary Objectives Activities • Formulate a City Development Strategy for each selected city, based on medium-term and long-term perspectives; • Improve the effectiveness of their development strategies, particularly through greater incorporation of poverty concerns, regional development and stakeholder consultation; • Identify improvements to rural-urban linkages; • Build local government capacity in planning and programming priority investments; • Identify local economic development opportunities. • Review current City Development Strategies prepared for secondary/medium towns; • Identification of strengths and weaknesses of each of the five towns; • Participatory consultation on City Development Strategies; • Preparation of development strategies for secondary cities and their region; • Training, capacity building and knowledge sharing. Submission Budget and Time Implementation CA Sponsor: World Bank, ADB Request to CA: $ 250,000Co-financing: $ 66,000Total Budget: $ 316,000 Submitted by: Five Governors of secondary cities Duration: 18 months Implemented by: World Bank CA Monitor:PeterPalesch Expected Impact and Results The expected impacts are: (a) clearer vision, and more focused actions to implement strategies and action plans, including more effective support from Government of Mongolia and donors; (b) increased awareness of poverty issues and more focused poverty alleviation measures; (c) stronger rural-urban linkages; and (d) improved knowledge sharing and information exchange.

5. East Timor: City Upgrading Strategy & Knua Improvement Program Slum Upgrading East Asia and the Pacific - Timor-Leste Summary This proposal is for the development of a city upgrading strategy (CUS), locally known as the Knua Improvement Program (KIP) for Dili, Timor-Leste. It will comprise the participatory development of a city-wide upgrading policy framework integrated with specific neighborhood (knua) improvement plans and associated implementation strategies focusing on the poorest neighborhoods in Dili. Objectives Activities • Provide a city upgrading strategy for the future development of Dili that meets the needs and aspirations of Dili’s residents, businesses and community through the development of a shared vision. • Provide a model for replication throughout East Timorenabling a model to be developed that can be replicated in other urban centers and rural areas in East Timor. The Upgrading Strategy will also be an input into the National Housing Policy – currently under development. • Identification of Key Issues and Determination of Neighborhood Priorities in order to verify existing findings and prioritize upgrading and service delivery at a neighborhood and city level. It will occur through (i) community consultation; (ii) examination of technical needs. • Development of Action and Investment Plan for Upgrading in Dili, East Timor. This activity will develop an action plan for enhancing the access of the poor to basic infrastructure and services in Dili focusing at the city and neighborhood level as expressed through community participation and technical specialists’ report, and will ensure it acceptance by communities and government. Submission Budget and Time Implementation CA Sponsor: The World Bank, ADB, UN-HABITAT, UNDP, WHO Request to CA: $ 248,320Co-financing: $ 196,000Total Budget: $ 444,320 Submitted by:Vice Minister Architect Cesar Vital Moreira, Ministry of Transport, Communications and Public Works Duration: 12 months Implemented by: The World Bank CA Monitor: Billy Cobbett Expected Impact and Results - A City Upgrading Strategy to improve quality of life and urban management of Dili comprising:  - Strategic plan for city upgrading including vision, goals, objectives, policies and programs for the future development of Dili;  - Slum upgrading policy and plan consisting of community local area plans; - investment plan outlining needed financial and human resources.

6. Brazil:Housing & Urban Development - Support to a Pro-Poor National Policy CDS/Slum Upgrading Latin America and the Caribbean - Brazil Summary The Ministry of Cities is currently formulating a new national urban policy to provide a framework for slum upgrading, serviced land delivery and land tenure regularisation. This is being developed within the rubric of the `Right to the City’. Objectives Activities • Support the formulation of a pro-poor national urban policy and its slum upgrading, serviced land delivery and land tenure regularization pillars; • Strengthen the participatory process of policy formulation and monitoring, involving subnational governments, especially cities, and civil society in the national policy process; • Forge new partnership between cities, states and the federal Government. • Provide substantive support to series of Municipal and Regional Conferences; • Organise and consolidate content arising from consultative process; • Provide substantive support in the build up to the National Cities Conference, October 2003; • Provide support to working groups during the National Cities Conference; • Assist in the presentation of outcomes of the Conference. Submission Budget and Time Implementation CA Sponsor: World Bank Request to CA: $ 75,000Co-financing: $ 548,394 Total Budget: $ 623,394 Submitted by: Minister of Cities, Brazil Duration: 4 months Implemented by: World Bank CA Monitor: William Cobbett Expected Impact and Results If successful, the formulation of a new national policy will have a very significant national and international impact. Brazil has already created the political and legal framework for a highly innovative, locally-driven and rights-based approach to inclusion and urban development. This policy-making process is meant to consolidate this framework, and identify the key instruments for its implementation. The main indicator for success will be the formal adoption of a pro-poor national urban policy document, with upgrading, regularization and land delivery for the poor as key pillars.

7. Cali - Slum Upgrading and Tenure Regularisation Slum Upgrading Latin America and the Caribbean - COLOMBIA . Summary Building upon its City Development Strategy, the City Government intends to initiate a citywide programme of tenure regularisation and slum upgrading. Objectives Activities • To regularise land tenure for 6,000 slum households; • To support a participatory ugrading programme; • To strengthen local government capacity for upgrading; and • To promote a national programme of slum upgrading. • Undertake a rapid assessment of slum upgrading needs in Cali; • Identification of priority communities; • Develop instruments for regularisation; • Facilitate tenure regularisation and titling for 6,000 slum households; • Assist in the coordination of upgrading of infrasturucture and services; • Initiate upgrading activities for 405 families to be subsidised in current fiscal year; • Undertake monitoring and evaluation of programme. Submission Budget and Time Implementation CA Sponsor: UN-HABITAT Request to CA: $ 324,120 Co-financing: $1,007,637Total Budget: $1,331,757 Submitted by: Mayor of Cali Duration: 18 months Implemented by: Cali Housing Alliance CA Monitor: William Cobbett Expected Impact and Results • Regularisation of land tenure for 6,000 slum households; • Efficient and practical instruments for land regularisation; • Operational municipal structure to manage regularisation; • Improved coordination between national and local governments on slum upgrading.

8. Alexandria City Development Strategy CDS Middle East and North Africa - Egypt Summary More than 30 percent of the population of Alexandria lives in slum areas. To improve their standard of living, prevent the development of new illegal settlements and increase employment opportunities, the city of Alexandria will develop a comprehensive CDS that emphasises environmental aspects and local economic development. Objectives Activities 1. To develop a long-, medium- and short-term strategy for local, sustainable economic development, ensuring the improvement of the city’s competitiveness nationally and internationally. This could be achieved by utilising its competitive characteristics effectively, creating job opportunities, providing basic services to deprived areas and removing investment barriers. 2. Improve living and urban standards for squatter areas, Lake Mariout and its surroundings within the urban planning context of the city of Alexandria. • Establishment of a task team from executive entities of the Governorate, Local Council, university and research centers and civil society; • Assessment of current situation; • Design of strategic initiatives and identification of activities to implement the strategic initiatives; • Strengthening partnership with civil society through periodic meetings and Public Hearing for approval and presentation of the proposed activities. Submission Budget and Time Implementation CA Sponsor: World Bank, USAID Request to CA: $ 200,000Co-financing: $ 75,000Total Budget: $ 275,000 Submitted by: Governor of Alexandria Duration: 18 months Implemented by: Alexanndria Governorate, AUDI CA Monitor:Peter Palesch Expected Impact and Results Implementing the proposed strategy will improve the environmental, urban and economic status of the squatter areas and Lake Mariout. This will raise the standards of living of the population of these areas, create new job opportunities for them, improve the general sanitation conditions of the inhabitants and improve the quality of the Lake’s fish production, which should raise the incomes of the fishermen in this area and in Alexandria.

9. Greater Amman Development Strategy CDS/Slum Upgrading Middle East and North Africa - Jordan Summary Development in Amman is guided by its Development Plan 2002-2006, that contains specific objectives and programmes targeting a wide range of sectors. However, after two years of implementation the city faces serious limitations, that traditional urban planning cannot overcome. The proposed CDS, consequently, focuses on urban governance, municipal reform and a citywide slum upgrading plan. Objectives Activities i) To improve the mechanisms of urban governance in Greater Amman; ii)To enhance the performance of the municipal urban development department in initiating urban upgrading of squatter settlements, updating the Amman Master Plan, as well as in improving the documentation of urban land use and data; and iii) To adopt city-wide upgrading of squatter settlements and refugee camps, building on the successful experience of upgrading four settlements. Developing a future vision of Amman shared by all stakeholders; Translating that vision into goals; Setting out specific objectives to be achieved; Translating those objectives into tangible programmes; and Developing specific action plans according to the priorities agreed upon through consultation with stakeholders. Submission Budget and Time Implementation Request to CA: $ 200,000Co-financing: $ 105,000Total Budget: $ 305,000 Submitted by: Lord Mayor of Amman Duration: 18 months Implemented by: World Bank, AUDI, Greater Amman Municipality CA Monitor: Peter Palesch CA Sponsor: World Bank Expected Impact and Results - Improved overall performance and efficiency of municipal departments; - Improved urban planning practices; and - Improved policies/mechanisms for upgrading the living conditions of urban squatter settlements and refugee camps.

10. Medium to Long Term CDS for LED for Hodeidah and Mukalla CDS Middle East and North Africa - Yemen Summary The Government of Yemen intends to transform its strategic port cities into regional centres of economic growth by creating environments conducive to private sector investment and development. The positive results of the current CDS in Aden have encouraged the local authorities of Hodeidah and Mukalla to join the efforts of transforming their traditional master plan-oriented urban planning approaches. Objectives Activities To develop a medium to long-term strategy for local economic development to reduce poverty and improve the quality of life in both cities. The strategy will include an action plan for equitable growth, developed and sustained through stakeholders' participation. • Organization of the effort and mobilising local stakeholders; • Analysis of the state of the city economy, including local revenue streams and actual competitive advantages; • Development of a long-term vision; • Elaboration of strategies and activities; and • Evaluation of the progress and outcomes against the stated goals. Submission Budget and Time Implementation CA Sponsor: World Bank Request to CA: $ 200,000Co-financing: $ 90,000Total Budget: $ 290,000 Submitted by: Governors of Hodeidah and Mukalla Duration: 24 months Implemented by: World Bank, AUDI CA Monitor:Peter Palesch Expected Impact and Results The proposed activity will integrate the cities’ social, economic and environmental interests. Among the impacts the medium to long term strategy for local economic development aims to achieve are: enhanced living standards of the citizens of Hodeidah and Mukalla; balanced regional and sectoral growth; and giving the poor a voice in the determination of their cities’ future development as well as the creation of a positive investment climate.

11. Final Project Evaluations CDS/Slum Upgrading Global The 2002 independent evaluation of the Cities Alliance included a recommendation that proper evaluation of each project should be required to extract lessons, and wherever possible should include participatory evaluations with clients and stakeholders. The CA Secretariat has responded with a plan for Final Project Evaluations in FY04. Summary Objectives Activities • Systematic and comprehensive sharing of lessons learnt to support CA members and clients; • Identification of key elements that promote mainstreaming CDS instruments and approach into urban development cooperation supported by CA members; • Evaluation of the extent to which set goals were reached, of the relationship between success and use of funds and of how widespread impacts of activities were (effectiveness, efficiency, and significance). • Evaluation desk reviews of all country/regional projects completed up to and through FY04; • On-site review conducted of two completed country/regional projects during FY04, to include the Philippines CDS Programme and one other project to be determined; • Dissemination of evaluation outputs. Submission Budget and Time Implementation CA Sponsor: Request to CA: $ 125,000 Co-financing: $ 0Total Budget: $ 125,000 Submitted by: CA Secretariat Duration: One year Implemented by: CA Secretariat CA Monitor: Andrea Merrick Expected Impact and Results • Increased use of lessons learned in Alliance supported programmes by members’ urban development cooperation programmes; • Improved design of future CDS and Slum Upgrading programmes through integration of lessons and experiences from completed CA activities; • Contributions to the CA Trust Fund maintained or increased due to donor confidence that funding is having the intended impacts and that fiduciary obligations are being met.

12. CDS Impacts Study Global CDS Summary Design of CDSs have been driven by client cities, with different emphasis, scale and design. There is not yet a clear understanding of their overall impacts, nor a consistent and realistic monitoring and evaluation methodology. The Government of Japan has pledged Non-Core funding for the development of CDS impact indicators and guidelines for future Asian CDSs. An allocation of Core funding is proposed so that the study will have a global scope with special focus on Asia CDSs. Objectives Activities • Development of recommendations for a normative framework for monitoring and evaluating the impacts of CDSs; • Strengthening of the impact of urban development cooperation. • Desk review of previous analytical work done on CDS and review of design of individual CDS projects and programmes undertaken to date funded by CA and other sources; • Interviews of CDS task managers & clients; • Analyse indicators and methods for M&E; • Recommend options for viable indicators, M&E and normative CDS design; • Provide specific analysis and recommendations for CDSs in Asia; • Review impact of CDS on development agency programmes; • Prepare draft report, and incorporate feedback into final report. Submission Budget and Time Implementation CA Sponsor: Japan Request to CA: $ 75,000Co-financing*: $ 150,000Total Budget: $ 225,000 *Japan Non-Core (earmarked at Brussels CG meeting) Submitted by: CA Secretariat Duration: 9 months Implemented by: CA Secretariat CA Monitor:Peter Palesch Expected Impact and Results • Improved design of future CDS programmes through integration of efficient and practical impact indicators and M&E processes; • Improved ability for CA to measure the impact of the global portfolio of CDS; • Improved design and implementation of poverty-oriented urban development cooperation and lending operations.

13. CDS Conference: Measuring and Improving CDS Impacts CDS Global Summary The Asia CDS 2003 conference, postponed because of SARS concerns, would be rescheduled in May/June 2004 in East Asia as a global CDS Conference, with a special focus on CDS impacts, aimed at mayors and other local leaders from CDS or prospective CDS cities. Results from the CDS Impacts Study would be presented. Objectives Activities • Provide a forum for CDS city leaders to share experiences and innovations; • Enhance understanding of CDS impacts; • Disseminate lessons on M&E of CDS impacts; • Promote regional dialogues and city-networking opportunities; • Provide an opportunity for development assistance organisations to learn about CDS directly from local authorities. • Plenary sessions on the impacts of CDSs and good practices for M&E of CDS programmes; • Break-out sessions on CDS topics; • Regional dialogues and networking; • Final conference output. Submission Budget and Time Implementation CA Sponsor: Japan Request to CA: $ 75,000Co-financing*: $ 125,000Total Budget: $ 200,000 *Japan Non-Core Submitted by: CA Secretariat Duration: 9 months Implemented by: CA Secretariat CA Monitor: Peter Palesch Expected Impact and Results • Improved design and implementation of CDS programmes through integration of efficient and practical impact indicators and M&E processes; • Improved ability of CA Secretariat and CA members to evaluate and promote the CDS as a development tool; • Improved design and implementation of poverty-oriented urban development cooperation and lending operations.