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ANEMIA

ANEMIA. Lab : penurunan kadar Hb dibawah nilai normal Klinis : Ketidakmampuan darah untuk memenuhi kebutuhan jaringan terhadap O2 dg segala gejalanya. KLASIFIKASI ANEMIA. Morfologi Anemia mikrositik hipokrom Anemia normositik normokrom Anemia makrositik Etiologi Kehilangan darah

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ANEMIA

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  1. ANEMIA Lab : penurunan kadar Hb dibawah nilai normal Klinis : Ketidakmampuan darah untuk memenuhi kebutuhan jaringan terhadap O2 dg segala gejalanya

  2. KLASIFIKASI ANEMIA • Morfologi • Anemia mikrositik hipokrom • Anemia normositik normokrom • Anemia makrositik • Etiologi • Kehilangan darah • Aktifitas eritropoisis turun • Anemia gizi • Kegagalan SST memproduksi eritrosit

  3. Destruksi eritrosit meningkat • Hereditas • Kelainan enzim • Kelaianan membran eritrosit • Hb pati • Didapat • Kelaianan imunologik • Infeksi • Zat kimia

  4. Penyebab Anemia MH • Gangguan sintesa heme • Gangguan metabolisme Fe • Kekurangan Fe • Penyakit menahun • Gangguan sintesa protoporfirin • Gangguan sintesa globin • Talasemia • Hb pati / Hb varian

  5. Pemeriksaan Lab • Evaluasi SHDT • Pem cad Fe SST • Cadangan Fe (x) – Def Fe • Cadangan meningkat : peny. menahun • Elektroforesa Hb • Abnormal : Talasemia, Hb pati

  6. Pemeriksaan lain • Saturasi transferin (20-45%) • An. Def Fe : <5% • Feritin serum • An def Fe : < 12 • Etiologi • Analisis makanan • Tes darah samar, pem tinja • Elektroforesis Hb

  7. Anemia NN • Perdarahan • Kronik : menjurus ke def Fe • Akut : perdarahan > 500 ml • Hemolitik • Destruksi eritrosit meningkat • Umur eritrosit <

  8. Anemia Hemolitik • HEREDITER • Kelainan membran eritrosit • Kelainan metabolisme eritrosit • Kelainan sintesis Hb • DIDAPAT • Imunologik • Anemia pd penyakit ginjal

  9. Pemeriksaan Lab • Tanda-tanda destruksi • Bilirubin indirek serum tinggi • Urobilinogen urin dan feses meningkat • Produksi eritrosit meningkat • retikulositosis • Kelaianan eritrosit • fragilitas osmotik • Hemolisa intravaskuler

  10. Anemia Makrositik • Gangguan sintesa DNA • Def. B12 dan asam folat • Eritropoisis cepat • Perdarahan, hemolitik • Penambahan membran surface area • Penyakit hati • Pasca splenektomi

  11. Pemeriksaan Lab • Darah tepi • Makrositik, anisopoikilositosis • Hipersegmentasi, giant stab cell • Sumsum tulang • Hiperseluler • Eritropoisis megaloblastik • Pem asam folat dan B12 serum

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