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Food Additives - Overview

Food Additives - Overview. Regulations Reasons for additives Classes of additives Functions of additives Interactions of additives and effect on food characteristics. Regulations. Food and Drug Act Food Additives Defined Food Supplements Defined GRAS and Grand Father Clause

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Food Additives - Overview

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  1. Food Additives - Overview • Regulations • Reasons for additives • Classes of additives • Functions of additives • Interactions of additives and effect on food characteristics

  2. Regulations • Food and Drug Act • Food Additives Defined • Food Supplements Defined • GRAS and Grand Father Clause • Self Affimed GRAS • Delaney Clause • Labeling

  3. Why Additives • Formulated Foods • >5000 foods in the Grocery Stores that combine multiple components to give desired characteristics to the product • Each component is there for a specific purpose • Least cost functionality • Synergistic effects

  4. Taste Aroma Eye Appeal - color Texture Reduce fat Reduce sugar Reduce calories Enhance health Interact with other components to enhance desired characteristic(s) Extend Shelf-life Anti-microbial agents Anti-oxidants Control pH (>4.6) Control Aw (<-.85) The Purpose of Additives

  5. The components of a formulated food will generally have a combination of different structures • Solutions –water, sugars,salts • Colloids – proteins, gums, starch • Gels- formed from proteins, gums and starches or combinations • Foams – can be combination of proteins, proteins +lipids, etc. • Emulsions –lipids + emulsifiers

  6. Antimicrobial Antioxidants Sequestrants Color Flavors/ flavor enhancers Nutritive Additives Polyols Proteins Fat Starches Gums Surface Active – emulsifiers Leavening agents Acidulants Phosphates Classes of Additives

  7. Why Can’t We Always Tell the Exact Function of an Additve? • Additives do have defined functions in foods • However, they also have “hidden” functions because of interactions to provide a different characteristic than provided by each component alone • Often we can not predict the final food characteristics based on simple functionality alone – [Surface response methodology]

  8. Interactions Cabohydrates (Starch/gums) Proteins Fat Surfactants Modified by pH and minerals Modified by order of additon (Who sees who first)

  9. Take Home Message • The use of food additives is regulated • Foods additives are there for a purpose • There are many different classes of additives with different functions • Interactions between additives are often important in the final characteristics of the food

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