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Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience

Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience. Alice TPC workshop 16/06/2014. Jeremie Merlin IPHC-CERN. On Behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience. Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014. J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration.

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Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience

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  1. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience Alice TPC workshop 16/06/2014 Jeremie Merlin IPHC-CERN On Behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  2. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  3. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience • 2009-2010 • Small prototypes, bench tests. • First Large-area GEM foils produced with Single Mask technology • First large-area GE1/1 prototype; beam test Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  4. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience • GEM foil fixed on Plexiglas frame • At 39°C -> thermal expanding of the frame • Low stretching forces  stretching under control • But : • Long process • Many gluing steps • Requires uniform heating • Issues with trapezoidal shapes Thermo-stretching Method: Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  5. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience GE1/1- prototype I: • Size : 99x(22-45) cm2 • Single mask • Gap configuration : 3/2/2/2 • 8 readout sectors (1024 channels) • Glue/Spacers Gain Rate (Hz) Effective Gain Ar/CO2 (70/30) T°: 22.8°C P: 975 hPa Hu: 14% Xray 8keV Ar/CO2/CF4 (45/15/40) T°: 22.3°C P: 974 hPa Hu: 16% Xray 8keV Divider current (uA) Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  6. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience • 2011 • - GE1/1-II prototype (smaller gaps b/w GEMs) • - “GEM Collaboration (GEMs for CMS)” constitutes itself in May (76 collab. from 15 inst. ) • - Summer beam tests (including first test in CMS test magnet) • - NS2 GEM foil assembly technique w/o spacers • - Preliminary electronics design starts Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  7. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience GE1/1- prototype II: • Size : 99x(22-45) cm2 • Single mask • Gap configuration : 3/1/2/1 • 24 readout sectors (3072 channels) • Glue/Spacers Gain Effective Gain Rate (Hz) Ar/CO2 (70/30) T°: 22°C P: 954 hPa Hu: 46% Xray 8keV Ar/CO2/CF4 (45/15/40) T°: 20.5°C P: 952 hPa Hu: 27% Xray 8keV Divider current (uA) Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  8. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience • 2012 • Working Groups (Physics, Trigger Simulations, Integration Services, Electronics and DAQ, Detector HW) with weekly meetings • Beam tests – Magnetic Field Operation and fine space and time resolution on large size established • GE1/1-III prototype designed (new GEM design “mechanical stretching”) • 2013 • GE1/1-IV prototype designed (mechanical stretching) • Collaboration Expanded 42 Institutions, more than 200collaborators • GE1/1-IV – 6 produced in 2013 (Two outside CERN); 6 potential production sites • Beam test at Fermilab with GE1/1-IV + 6 smaller detectors • Long term tests + Materials study Launched Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  9. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience • Internal movable structure to hold the GEM foils • Lateral screws to pull the internal structure -> Possibility to open the chamber and replace foils -> Stretching can be adjusted -> No glue in the gas volume -> No spacers in the active area -> Only 2 hours for the assembly Mechanical stretching Method (version 1): Movie : https://www.dropbox.com/s/ru5ptplzmsu1lv2/Optimus%202.0%20small.mp4 Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  10. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience GE1/1- prototype III: • Size : 99x(22-45) cm2 • Single mask • Gap configuration : 3/1/2/1 • 24 readout sectors (3072 channels) • No Glue/No Spacers Gain Rate (Hz) Effective Gain Ar/CO2 (70/30) T°: 23.1°C P: 964 hPa Hu: 41% Xray 8keV Ar/CO2/CF4 (45/15/40) T°: 23.5°C P: 958 hPa Hu: 34% Xray 8keV Divider current (uA) Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  11. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience GE1/1- prototype IV: • Size : 99x(22-45) cm2 • Gap configuration : 3/1/2/1 • 24 readout sectors (3072 channels) • No Glue/No Spacers Gain Rate (Hz) Effective Gain Ar/CO2 (70/30) T°: 21.1°C P: 954 hPa Hu: 31% Xray 8keV Ar/CO2/CF4 (45/15/40) T°: 21.9°C P: 959 hPa Hu: 32% Xray 8keV Divider current (uA) Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  12. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience • 2013 continued • Electronics and DAQ groups take big steps : proto FPGA /GEB/uTCA in hand • TDR requested by CMS management; Slice Test Approved (DESY MB 2013) • Simulations, Reconstruction Group advance; Geometry GE1/1-V Final • GE1/1-V -> 10 “Final” detectors launched for production: 3 Long on way • TIF Area being readied for “Proto-Slice Test”, Production and QC • 2014 • Optohybridat the TIF Lab • GE2/1 & ME0 Geometry Advances to version 2 • Simulations • Training sessions VFAT CMS Hybrids CERN production/QC site (TIF) Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  13. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience • Internal movable structure to hold the GEM foils • Lateral screws to pull the internal structure -> Possibility to open the chamber and replace foils -> Stretching can be adjusted -> No glue in the gas volume -> No spacers in the active area -> Only 2 hours for the assembly Mechanical stretching Method (version 2): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ssuqh5GAVZ4&feature=youtu.be Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  14. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience GE1/1- prototype V: • Size : 99x(22-45) cm2 • Single mask • Gap configuration : 3/1/2/1 • 24 readout sectors (3072 channels) • No Glue/No Spacers GE1/1- prototype VI: • Size : 120x(20-50) cm2 • Single mask • Gap configuration : 3/1/2/1 • 24 readout sectors (3072 channels) • No Glue/No Spacers -> Super chambers Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  15. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience CMS GEM Quality Control • GEM foil testing (Leakage current & stability) •  Assembly of the single detector • Gas leak test • HV test and connectivity • Gain calibration and Gain uniformity test •  Assembly of the Super-chambers • Cosmic stand (efficiency & Readout connectivity) •  Storage  Installation CERN production/QC site (TIF) Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  16. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience CMS GEM Quality Control GEM foil testing Voltage Leakage current (nA) Leakage current : -> Burn the dust -> Good stability (30min-1h) -> No discharges at 600 V -> GEM current : < 1 nA / 100 cm2 Environment : pure N2 T°,P and Hu% monitoring < 0.5 nA Time (s) Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  17. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience CMS GEM Quality Control Gas leak test Based on gas flow rate : -> needs accurate (expensive) flow controllers and flow meters Based on pressure drop : -> needs accurate (expensive) pressure regulators and pressure sensors Based on water level (U-tube): -> Cheap -> Accurate -> Can be automated Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  18. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience CMS GEM Quality Control HV and connectivity test HV Circuit : -> Ceramic divider -> Protection resistances -> HV & ground connections -> HV filter HV test : -> Measure I-V curve -> Good stability (few hours) -> No discharges Environment : pure CO2 (or N2) T°,P and Hu% monitoring GE1/1- I & II GE1/1-III GE1/1-IV GE1/1-V Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  19. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience • Simultaneous gain measurement • No effects from environment • Full granularity (single readout strip) • Fast test (2-3 days) CMS GEM Quality Control Gain uniformity test 1,20 m SRS APV Xrays // 8 keV trigger Pulse from the bottom of the last GEM Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  20. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience Hit map : ADC cut to remove noise Strip position Main peak (ADC channel) vs X position (mm) Counts Strip position Energy (ADC channels) Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration 20

  21. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience PRELIMINARY PRELIMINARY Peak position (ADC) Position Y (mm) Position X (mm) From preliminary study (2013) Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  22. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience CMS GEM Quality Control Cosmic Stand Cosmic Stand: 15 x GE1/1 S-chambers 10 scintillators+PMTs 4 gas lines Cooling system Goals : Efficiency measurement Basic tracking Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  23. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience CMS GEM Test Beam summary • All detectors went to test beam (v5 in 2014) • Triggering and tracking from RD51 tracker • Standard measurements • HV scan • Efficiency plots • Cluster size • Space resolution • Time resolution • Properties in magnetic field • Gas mixture • E field configuration Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  24. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience CMS GEM Test Beam summary • All detectors went to test beam (v5 in 2014) • Triggering and tracking from RD51 tracker • Standard measurements • HV scan • Efficiency plots • Cluster size • Space resolution • Time resolution • Properties in magnetic field • Gas mixture • E field configuration Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  25. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience CMS GEM Test Beam summary Efficiency GE1/1-IV GE1/1-I GE1/1-II Efficiency fully compatible with standard double-mask GEM detectors Eff > 97% for Ar/CO2 (70/30) and Ar/CO2/CF4 (45/15/40) Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  26. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience CMS GEM Test Beam summary Residuals GE1/1-I GE1/1-III GE1/1 residuals fully compatible with expected values (depending on the readout pitch)  Detectors show residuals < 100 um with ZigZag readout board ZZ readout Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  27. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience CMS GEM Test Beam summary Time resolution Trigger synchronized with the electronics  Probability to read the event the central clock cycle GE1/1 Time resolution < 5 ns in Ar/CO2/CF4 with gap configuration 3/1/2/1 Synchronous measurements shows > 96% probability to detect events in the same clock cycle Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  28. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience CMS GEM Long term stability Classical aging test Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  29. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience CMS GEM Long term stability Irradiated Sector 1 Use of attenuation filters • -> GE1/1-IV : • Gas gain : 2x104 • Ar/CO2/CF4:45/15/40 • Gas flow rate : 0.5L/h • Max interaction rate : kHz/cm2 • -> GIF / common facility • - frequent use of lead filters • -> First observations : • - interaction rate similar to CMS • - accumulated charge : 9 mC/cm2 • No aging effect observed in the GE1/1 detector up to 9mC/cm2 in realistic conditions • Investigations for better corrections PRELIMINARY Electronics baseline fluctuation ? Irradiated Sector 2 Use of attenuation filters PRELIMINARY Electronics baseline fluctuation ? Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  30. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience CMS GEM Long term stability Outgassing studies • Procedure : • -> Reference measurements with 10x10 GEM chamber • - Purity check with SWPC • Insertion of the sample • 2 weeks at room T° • 2 weeks at 50°C • -> repeat reference measurements GE1/1-IV Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  31. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience CMS GEM Long term stability Outgassing studies no correction PLC maintenance VITON O-ring • No effect with VITON O-ring • No significant effect with NUVOVERN • (extension of the test) • Strong gain drop with CellPack 50°C PLC maintenance Room T°  Room T°   50°C  50°C SWPC Source OFF SWPC Gas bottle empty Polyurethane CellPack Polyurethane NUVOVERNE HV OFF SWPC SWPC Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  32. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience CMS GEM Long term stability Outgassing studies VITON O-ring Room T°  Room T°   50°C  50°C GEM Polyurethane CellPack power cut Polyurethane NUVOVERNE 50°C PLC maintenance GEM GEM GEM Source OFF Gas bottle empty Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  33. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience 10x10 GEM Reference measurements 10x10 GEM detector  Ar/CO2 : 70/30 -> GEM foil testing -> Gain calibration -> Charging up -> Discharge probability -> Rate capability Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  34. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience 10x10 GEM Reference measurements Charging Up • GAS, HV, readout electronics switched ON 3-5 days before each measurement • Source ON at time=0  Spectrum acquisition : 25s every 1 min during 4-5 hours •  Surface scan before and the charging up 1) 2) 3) 2) 4) 3) 1) 4) irradiation over 25 cm2 / ADC time 25 s Rate of particles: (Fe55) 1,9 kHz 1,4 kHz 1,5 kHz 1,6 kHz  Humidity between 480 and 500 ppm CERN foils Holes: 70μm (Cu) 50μm (Kapton) Pitch: 140μm double-mask Ar/CO2:70/30 Gaps:3/1/2/1 (Ceramic Divider) +300kΩ HV filter Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  35. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience 10x10 GEM Reference measurements Charging Up 22/04/2014 Energy spectra 15/04/2014 Energy spectra Irradiation only in Position 2 15/04/2014 Readout Current 22/04/2014 Readout Current Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  36. CPU – I/V monitoring Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience HV 241Am Mylar 2μm 10x10 GEM Reference measurements Discharge probability 10M Alpha rate = 150Hz • How to identify discharges ? • -> Divider current/voltage drops • -> Readout current • -> Signal polarity DIVIDER 3/1/2/1 10M Drift 10M G1 Scaler Readout 10M G2 Inverter + Discriminator Readout x y G3 GEM bot TP CPU A CPU Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  37. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience 10x10 GEM Reference measurements Discharge probability Voltage (V) Current (uA) Ramp Up HV End of test Source ON Discharges Baseline Time (s) Discharge Discharge Discharge Power supply I/V measurements Readout current (pico-ammeter)  HV power supply and pico-ammeter not fast/sensitive enough to detect all discharges Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  38. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience 10x10 GEM Reference measurements Discharge probability 2mm hole in the Kapton window + 2um Mylar foil 2mm hole in the Drift Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  39. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience 10x10 GEM Reference measurements Discharge probability Effective gain F. Sauli, NIM A 479 (2002) 294-308 Triple-GEM (10x10 cm2) CERN foils Holes: 70μm (Cu) 50μm (Kapton) Pitch: 140μm double-mask Source 241Am(2-3 MBq) Ar/CO2:70/30 Gaps:3/1/2/1 (Ceramic Divider) +300kΩ HV filter Discharge probability @Gain=6.105 (3700V/740uA) : ΔVGEM1= 416V ΔVGEM2= 407V ΔVGEM2= 389V Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  40. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience 10x10 GEM Reference measurements Rate capability • Configuration : • -> GEM detector in front of the Xray Gun (d=few mm) • Monitoring : • GEM Readout current • Count rate & spectra • Xray voltage & current Gamma Flux (Hz/mm2) Reliable measurements @ rate < 30 kHz GE1/1 : Ar/CO2 (90/10) Gain :1.2 104 Xray current (mA) Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  41. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience 10x10 GEM Reference measurements Rate capability P. Everaerts, PhD Thesis 2006 (Gent University) Normalized Gain • 10x10 triple-GEM (CERN) • 3/1/2/1 (Ceramic) • Ar/CO2 : 70/30 • Gain : 8000 (654uA/3300V) • Copper Xray 16kV • 2mm Collimator GEM Irradiation Corner (d= 0.35 cm) GEM Opposite Corner (d= 0.51 cm) PRELIMINARY Gamma Flux (Hz/mm2) Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  42. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience Summary Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  43. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience Thank you Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  44. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  45. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  46. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience pre-amplifier input shaper SWPC attenuator delay O O to CPU veto logic BRIDGE QDC O gate OR amplifier discriminator SWPC dual timer input GE1/1-IV Programmable Logic Controller Pico-A T°C to CPU to CPU Pico-A Nat. Instr. P mbar DAQ humi. % Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  47. Aging study of large triple-GEM detectors for the high rate environment in CMS TOTEM configuration • Triple GEM Ar/CO2 (70/30) , Position 5.3 ≤ |h| ≤ 6.5 • Rate up to 12 MHz/cm2( 1000 X CMS GE1/1 @ phase II) -> No aging due to polymerization -> No change of materials properties Nuc. Sci. Sym. and Med. Imag. Conf. (NSS/MIC), 2011 IEEE, 1124 – 1131 G. Croci, “Dev. and Characterization of MPGDs for HEP applications and beyond” PHD Thesis COMPASS configuration • Triple GEM @ gain : 8.103 in Ar/CO2 (70/30) • Rate up to 2.5 MHz/cm2 ( 1000 X CMS GE1/1 @ HL-LHC) -> No Gain drop or loss of energy resolution was observed -> No Losses of efficiency or time resolution until now B. Ketzer et al., NIM A535, 314 (2004) , P. Abbon, et al., NIM A 577 (2007) 455-518 CERN-EP/2001 -091 & IEEE TR. On Nucl. Sci. Vol47,NO.4,AUGUST 2000 LHCb configuration • Triple GEM @ gain : 6.103 in Ar/CO2/CF4 (45/15/40) • Rate up to 500 kHz/cm2 ( 100 X CMS GE1/1 @ HL-LHC) -> No losses of performances was observed after 10 LHCb years IEEE P. de Simone, AUGUST 2004 & S.Bachmann et al., NIM A 438(1999),376-408 RD51 miniweek 16/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration 47

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