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Movie?

Movie?. Required viewing of one-hour movie “Reactions,” with writing response. Would you attend a screening of this on the week of Sept 27 (I’m thinking Tues Sept 28 evening)? Sure! Possibly, need to check my schedule Eh… Not unless you are serving ice cream Not this time. Iran.

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Movie?

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  1. Movie? Required viewing of one-hour movie “Reactions,” with writing response. Would you attend a screening of this on the week of Sept 27 (I’m thinking Tues Sept 28 evening)? • Sure! • Possibly, need to check my schedule • Eh… • Not unless you are serving ice cream • Not this time

  2. Iran Afghanistan Iraq Saudi Arabia

  3. Nuclei and radioactivity

  4. “Radiation” What is your reaction when you hear the word radiation? A) I am somewhat apprehensive about radiation B) Pretty much neutral C) I am interested/intrigued when I hear the word D) I worry about getting cancer from radiation E) None of these describes my reaction at all...

  5. “Nuclear” What is your reaction when you hear the word nuclear? A) I am somewhat apprehensive about anything nuclear B) Pretty much neutral C) I am interested/intrigued when I hear the word D) Is that pronounced "nu-clear" or "nuke-ular"? E) None of these describes my reaction at all...

  6. If I cut an apple in half, am I splitting some of the atoms? • Yes • Yes, but only a few • No

  7. I am now ___ concerned about radioactivity than before this lecture. • More • Less

  8. Tuesday Sept 21

  9. Seminar announcement FORUM ON SCIENCE, ETHICS AND POLICY (FOSEP) presents Dr. Neal Lane, former science advisor for President Clinton "21st Century American Science - Coping with Disorder and Uncertainty" Thursday, Sept. 23, 4pm JILA Auditorium. Additional information: http://fosep.org/colorado/

  10. WHERE?

  11. Movie? Required viewing of one-hour movie “Reactions,” with writing response. Would you attend a screening of this next week, Tues Sept 28 evening? Added incentive: no write-up required and counts for public event. + popcorn • Yes • Possibly, need to check my schedule

  12. What time works best? • Monday evening, 6-7:30pm • Monday 7-8:30pm • Tuesday 6-7:30pm • Tuesday 7-8:30pm • Other

  13. Chernobyl is the name of: • A famous physicist • A city in the Ukraine • A toxic chemical • An officer for the KGB • A Russian spacecraft

  14. Cosmic radiation exposure • Sea Level= 26 mrem/year • Atlanta (1,050 ft)= 31 mrem/year • Denver (5,300 ft)= 50 mrem/year • Minneapolis (815 ft)= 30 mrem/year • Salt Lake (4,000 ft)= 46 mrem/year

  15. Terrestrial radiation exposure • U.S. (average)= 26 mrem/year • Denver, CO= 63 mrem/year • Nile Delta, Egypt= 350 mrem/year • Paris, France= 350 mrem/year • Kerala, India= 400 mrem/year • McAlpe, Brazil= 2,448 mrem/year • Pocos de Caldas,Brazil= 7,000 mrem/year

  16. Building radiation Many building materials, especially granite, contain naturally radioactive elements. • U.S. Capitol Bldg = 85 mrem/year • Statue of Liberty = 325 mrem/year • Grand Central Station = 525 mrem/year • The Vatican = 800 mrem/year

  17. Food Food contribues an average of 20 mrem/year, mostly from potassium-40, carbon-14, hydrogen-3, radium-226, and thorium-232. • Beer= 390 pCi/liter • Tap Water= 20 pCi/liter • Milk= 1,400 pCi/liter • Salad Oil= 4,900 pCi/liter • Whiskey= 1,200 pCi/liter • Brazil Nuts= 14 pCi/g • Bananas= 3 pCi/g • Flour= 0.14 pCi/g • Peanuts 8 Peanut Butter= 0.12 pCi/g • Tea= 0.40 pCi/g

  18. Consumer Goods • Cigarettes-2 packs/day (polonium-210)= 8,000 mrem/year • Color Television= < 1 mrem/year • Gas Lantern Mantle (thorium-232)= 2 mrem/year • Natural Gas/Heating and Cooking (radon-222)= 2 mrem/year • Phosphate Fertilizers= 4 mrem/year

  19. Other kinds… Internal dose: 40 mrem/year* Chest X-ray: 1 mrem to 30% of body Dental X-ray: 1 mrem to 1% of body Flight: 5 mrem for coast-to-coast roundtrip Banana equivalent dose (bed)  365 bananas in a year = 3.6 mrem *Disagrees with textbook (these data are from US Nuclear Regulatory Commission)

  20. Radioactivity refers to: • Atoms in motion • Explosions of atomic nuclei • Glowing rocks • Radio waves • Cloud chambers

  21. What is radiation? • Toxic materials • Any kind of electromagnetic radiation • Particles thrown out of a nuclear explosion • Light that comes out of a nuclear explosion • Pieces of light or particles thrown out of a nuclear explosion

  22. Which of the following is not radioactive? • Your friends • Gasoline • Beer • The course textbook • Uranium-235

  23. A major reason that your body is radioactive is that A) it is slightly contaminated by debris from nuclear tests B) it is made radioactive by medical x-rays C) you eat radioactive carbon in your food D) you are hit by neutrinos from the Sun

  24. Cancer rates are lower in Denver because: • The radiation exposure is lower • The radiation exposure is higher • There is more radon in some houses there • We don’t know why.

  25. Natural  300 mrem/year Man-made  60 mrem/year

  26. Determine your fate A) B) C) D) E)

  27. HIGH energy LOW energy

  28. Deaths in 2007 (Source: CDC)

  29. Deaths, 2002

  30. Smoke detectors Radiation death in the US: 1 per 7 years Smoke detector est. to save 4,500-7000/year

  31. Radiocarbon dating

  32. Half-lives Table 4.4 Half-Lives of Some Important Isotopes • Polonium- 215—0.0018 second • Polonium- 216—0.16 second • Bismuth- 212—60.6 minutes • Sodium- 24—15.0 hours • Iodine- 131—8.14 days • Phosphorus- 32—14.3 days • Iron- 59—6.6 weeks • Polonium- 210—20 weeks • Radon-222—3.8 days • Cobalt- 60—5.26 years • Tritium (H-3)—12.4 years • Strontium- 90—29.9 years • Cesium- 137—30.1 years • Radium- 226—1,620 years • Carbon- 14— 5,730 years • Plutonium- 239—24000 years • Chlorine- 36—400,000 years • Uranium- 235—710 million years • Uranium- 238—4.5 billion years

  33. Review… Plutonium-240 (Pu-240) is an isotope of the metal plutonium formed when plutonium-239 (Pu-239) captures a ___. • A proton • A neutron • An electron • A positron • A gamma ray

  34. Where does Radon come from?

  35. How much did your chance of getting cancer increase this year? (you were exposed to 360 mrem) • 1:10 • 1:100 • 1:1000 • 1:10,000 • 1:100,000

  36. How many cancers induced in U.S. due to radiation each year? • 1 • 20 • 600 • 45,000 • 110,000

  37. You have a radioactive isotope. After 3 half-lives, you have __ of it left. • 1/3 • 1/2 • 1/4 • 1/8 • 3/4

  38. Doubling I’ve got 100 bucks. The bank tells me it will double every 10 years (7% interest/year). How much money do I have in 60 years? • $200 • $1000 • $3200 • $6400 • $1 million

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