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The Grand Tour. The Lure of Italy and Beyond Most images from ArtStor : library.artstor.org/library/welcome.html. “The Tribuna of the Uffizi,” Johann Zoffany (1772-1777). Colonia Julia Augusta Faventia Paterna Barcino An Augustan castrum ca. 15 BCE.
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The Grand Tour The Lure of Italy and BeyondMost images from ArtStor: library.artstor.org/library/welcome.html “The Tribuna of the Uffizi,” Johann Zoffany (1772-1777)
Colonia Julia Augusta FaventiaPaternaBarcinoAn Augustan castrum ca. 15 BCE
“The Arrival of a Young Traveller and his Suite during the Carnival in Rome,” David Allan (c. 1775)
Joseph Addison’s guidebook: “There is certainly no place in the world where a man may travel with greater pleasure and advantage than in Italy” (1705)
The lure of ItalyThe traveller should undertake a trip to Italy … • because the acquisition of cultural knowledge added to one’s education. For whom was it intended? • at what age and why at that age? • but to where specifically?
First stop on the tour: Florence“Medici Venus,” 1st c. BCE, Uffizi Gallery • why did so many travellers, such as Lord Byron, find her so compelling? • why did travellers make Florence only the first stop on their itinerary? that is, what were the allures of Rome and Naples?
Second stop on the tour: Rome, the Eternal City“The Roman Forum,” Giovanni Paolo Panini (1735) • what should the traveller visit while in Rome? • how long should the traveller stay in Rome? • what should the traveller do during his stay?
Why the Vatican? Michelangelo Simonetti’sRotonda in the MuseoPio-Clementino (designed 1776-80)
Johann Joachim Winckelmann (1717-1768) • Reflections on the Imitation of the Painting and Sculpture of the Greeks (1755) • History of Ancient Art (Geschichte derKunst des Alterthums) (1764) • What did these two works, especially the latter, add to the study of classical art? • Consider the following two objects
Inspiration for Winckelmann: why? “Apollo Belvedere,” Roman copy of a 4th c. BCE original “Belvedere Antinous,” c. 130 CE
Inspiration for Winckelmann: why? “Laocoon,” c. 150 BCE
Third stop on the tour: Naples, Vesuvius, Pompeii “Mount Vesuvius in Eruption,” J.M.W. Turner (1817)
Sir William Hamilton (1731-1803) • diplomat, scientist, archaeologist, antiquarian • author of CampiPhlegraei. Observations on the Volcanoes of the Two Sicilies (1776-1779) • excavations began at Herculeaneum in 1738 and at Pompeii in 1763 • author of Antiquitésétrusques, grecques et romaines(1766–67) and Ancient Vases (1791-95) • amassed 2 collections of Greek (“Etruscan”) vases, selling one to the British Museum in 1772, the other purchased at auction in 1799 • Hamilton’s publication followed by Le Antichità di Ercolano ("The Antiquities of Herculaneum") by the AccademiaErcolanese (1757-1792) “Sir William Hamilton and his First Wife, in his Study (with a View of Vesuvius),” David Allan (1770)
PubliusVirgiliusMaro (70-19 BCE) “The Tomb of Virgil at Posillipo, near Naples,” Hubert Robert (1784)
Fourth stop on the tour: beyond Naples to Sicily Unfinished Doric temple, Segesta, 5th c. BCE “Temple of Segesta,” Thomas Cole(ca. 1842)
Grand Tour Supplement: GreeceJames “Athenian” Stuart and Nicholas Revett, The Antiquities of Athens and Other Monuments of Greece (1762)What controversy did this publication highlight?