History 348 Test 1

1. Locate and identify the state- belligerents of the 100-Year War and their capitals:FranceEnglandScotlandBurgundyCastileAquitaineGenoaPortugalMajorcaNavarreBohemiaFlandersAragon LuxemburgBrittanyHoly Roman Empire

2. History 348 Test 1 • Analyze the novel Agincourt in the context of one of the following questions/statements: • 1. According to the novel, how close (if at all) was the 100-Years War to the definition of a “total war” (see the definition below)? Support your assertions with specific examples. • 2. According to the novel, to what extent (if at all) the motto “war should pay for itself” applies to the 100-Years War? Support your assertions with specific examples. • 3. According to the novel, to what extent the following thesis is true? • “Violence in the 100-Years emanated from the contemporary social norms, which emphasized chivalric conduct towards the men of war and placed little weight on the sufferings of non-combatants.” Support your assertions with specific examples.

3. "Total war" is a conflict of unlimited scope in which a belligerent engages in a total mobilization of its available resources (human, industrial, agricultural, military, natural, technological, or otherwise) in order to entirely destroy a rival, or remove its rival's capacity to continue resistance. In a total war, there is less differentiation between combatants and civilians than in other conflicts, and sometimes no such differentiation at all, as nearly every human resource, civilians and soldiers alike, can be considered to be part of the belligerent effort.

4. Response Paper 1 (1 single-spaced page) In your opinion, what was the most impactful feature of the Napoleonic Wars: - politics - ideology - economy - strategy - war crimes - social relations Why? Support your assertions with specific examples.

5. Schedule for the mock trial, March 7 • Charges against the defendant – Zach • Opening statement – prosecution (Casey) • Opening statement – defense (Abrey) • Cross examination of the defendant – prosecution • Cross examination of the defendant – defense • Witness testimony for the prosecution (Jessy) • Witness testimony for the defense (Greg) • Cross examination of the witnesses – prosecution • Cross examination of the witnesses - defense • Closing statement – prosecution • Closing statement—defense • Last statement – the defendant • Verdict – the Commission

6. Short Paper 2. • Respond to one of the following (1 single-spaced page): • The American Civil War was a “war of the people,” not a “war of the armies.” Support your assertions with specific examples. • The American Civil War was a “war of economies” and the strongest economy eventually prevailed. Support your assertions with specific examples. • C. In your opinion, what was the American Civil War about: • emancipation; ideology, national identity; city vs. countryside conflict. Support your assertions with specific examples.

7. History 348 Source analysis (3 double-spaced pages). • Analyze and compare the film “Joyeux Noël” and the novel All Quiet on the Western Frontin the context of the following statements. In what way (if at all), one source is more convincing than the other? • 1. “not only did World War I wipe out the whole generations of young Europeans, but it also destroyed morally, spiritually, and psychologically those who had survived.” Support your assertions with specific examples. • 2. The Great War reflected the inflexibility and myopia of all military and political establishments, whose perceptions of war reflected their social values and position of power.Support your assertions with specific examples.

8. Final Test. Respond to two questions, one in regards to Europe and one to Asia: • 1) Analyze one country’s war efforts within the context of the following statement: “of all the ambitions that men cherish, those that depend on the destiny of arms are the most uncertain.” Support your arguments with specific examples. • 2) World War II collaboration and resistance were driven by a variety of motives: personal ambitions, human greed and propensity to violence, and deep-rooted ideological rifts within occupied societies. Support your assertions with specific examples. • 3) What were the main reasons for the Axis powers’ early successes in 1939-1942? Support your assertions with specific examples. • 4) World War II made it obvious that war crimes are extremely ambiguous concepts. Hence, any act committed in the name of one’s country should be considered a regular feature of warfare and not liable for prosecution. Support your arguments with specific examples. • 5) Analyze the reasons for success or failure in a decisive battle of World War II. Support your argument with specific examples. • 6)Can we say that economy was the main factor that contributed to the Allied victory in World War II? Support your argument with specific examples.