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Effects of Biomass and Tides on Detritus Carbon Flux in Estuarine Wetland

Explore outwelling hypothesis extension using multiple temporal scales to quantify lateral detritus flux influenced by daily and monthly tides. Observation scales, quantification methods, and implications discussed.

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Effects of Biomass and Tides on Detritus Carbon Flux in Estuarine Wetland

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  1. Effects of biomass, daily and monthly tides on lateral detritus carbon flux in an estuarine wetland: An extension of the outwelling hypothesis YuGao(高宇) East China Sea fisheries Research Institute， Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences ygao@fudan.edu.cn USCCC at Hailar, 26 July, 2019

  2. http://www.ecsf.ac.cn/ Thank You! http://ecology.fudan.edu.cn/

  3. Outline • What is the outwelling hypothesis? • Why use multiple temporal scales? • What are the multiple temporal scales? • Do we believe in the outwelling from multiple temporal scales? • What is the suitable observation temporal scale?

  4. Why outwell • Terrestrial-aquatic interaction processes are complex, highly heterogeneous, multi-disciplinary, and multi-scale! (McCauley et al., Science, 2015；He，2019)

  5. The Hydrologic Cycle (Yang , 2019) Coastal–Estuarine: PL – EL = Q (assumptions) Globally: P – E = 0

  6. Why use multiple temporal scales? Many, many studies have provided evidence for mechanisms resulting in different sampling strategies of collecting lateral detritus at different study sites. Gao, et al., in prep Test hypothesis Be quantitative (put numbers on ideas)

  7. Quantification of the lateral fluxes carried by tidal activities • a bimodal seasonal pattern of net detritus carbon export at a daily tidal scale during one year (Gao et al., 2018) • In addition, it is still not clear how that is related to temporal scales of tidal activities, i.e., what is the difference between daily and monthly tidal effect on lateral detritus carbon flux. • Thus, the motivation of this study is to answer these questions through multi-temporal field observation.

  8. The miss-matches between estimates GEE=GPP+ Flateral + Fsedimentation + Fother GEE=GPPEC GPP=GPPMODIS GPPEC=GPPMODIS+ Flateral + Fsedimentation + Fother GPP=GPPEC-GPPMODIS = Flateral + Fsedimentation + Fother • GPP from the eddy covariance (EC) systems was consistently and significantly higher than that from the satellite (Yan et al. 2008; Guo et al. 2009), with 53.4%~65.0% of (NEP) from the EC system being contributed from the lateral flows. (Gao et al., 2018)

  9. （Gao et al. (2019) in prp）

  10. Daily VS Monthly • Daily: The collected litter of all flooding-ebb events at the daily scale could be summed as all the litter that could have been exported during a whole monthly tidal cycle. • Monthly: Floating nets were synchronously placed in the tidal creek just before a tidal cycle and retracted until the end of the tidal cycle (ca. half a month)

  11. Daily VS Monthly • The value from the monthly sampling strategy was around double of the daily sampling strategy when the detritus flux was relatively large, especially in March and in October(Gao et al. (2019) in prep) • Potentially due to the hydrological processes dominated by tidal activities can greatly affect the magnitude and direction.

  12. Daily VS Monthly • Interestingly, there was interestingly a significant correlation (r2=0.73*, p<0.01) between the different sampling strategies. (Gao et al. (2019) in prp)

  13. Daily VS Monthly • The relationship between lateral flux and tide activities seemed neither insignificantly(Gao et al. (2019) in prep) • However, without regard to the exceptional month of March, there was a significant correlation.

  14. How Can We Use Sophisticated Evaluation Methods To Guide Outwelling Hypothesis Development? Two drivers of thought in outwelling development and evaluation wind-driven consider • For marshes at a higher elevation, the export of macro-detritus was dominated by the occasional storm tide when the net export could be 6 times as high as the largest import (Wolanski 2007) • very short-lived but rapid, compared to tidally-driven lateral movements that was usually occasional and perennial tide-driven consider • Uncertainty in many subsurface parameters and other non-measurable parameters • the tidal hydrodynamics under multi-weather conditions • Evaluation in all dimensions • Equifinality? What is the suitable observation temporal scale?

  15. New Challenges Others, such as groundwater in the coast fish dissolved organic matter（DOM）<0.45μm DOM Detritus detritus >0.2mm particulate organic matter （POM）0.45μm-0.2mm POM Essentially, An Effort to Integrate Multiple Temporal Scales into the Estuarine Carbon Budget.

  16. Karstens et al. 2016; Gao et al. 2019 (in prep)

  17. Plant invasion and lateral fluxes can control ecosystem carbon and nitrogen storage of the coastal wetlands in the Yangtze Estuary （Gao et al. (2019) in prep）

  18. Modeling Carbon transport by rivers from land to coastal wetlands and to coastal ocean

  19. Plumbing the Blue Carbon: Integrating Tidal Waters into the Estuarine Carbon Budget at a Yangtze coastal Coastal marshMarsh • Tidal elevation (TE)、velocity(v)and carbon concentration (C)； • NWCF (net water carbon flux) （Gao et al. (2019)in prep）

  20. C concentration is being updated • determines the coupling strength and Terrestrial-aquatic interactions and feedbacks

  21. Grand Objectives • Develop a multi-mission, multi-platform, multi-source, and multi-scale data assimilation systemcombining latest developments in observations

  22. Develop airborne laser radar IRIS LR1601with Multi-rotor UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) DJI M600 to implement monitoring and assessment of biomass.

  23. Buoys: Temperature, Salinity, pH, ORP, DO, Turbidity, Sediment Concentration, etc.

  24. （Xie，2019） Grand Objectives steephill.tv

  25. Summary • 1) estimate the CO2 and CH4 pool and flux of lateral carbon flux; • 2) quantify carbon allocations of lateral carbon; • 3) tease apart the contributions of lateral carbon fluxes to blue carbon functions in coastal salt marshes. (Gao et al. (2019) in prep) DOM Detritus POM

  26. Hai-Qiang Guo2, Ting-Ting Zhang 1,2, Chang-Liang Shao3, Jiquan Chen4, Zutao Ouyang4, Jian-Wu Tang5, Ping Zhuang1,*, Bin Zhao2,* 1 Key Laboratory of East China Sea & Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fisheries Resources and Environment of East China Sea and Yangtze Estuary, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 200090 Shanghai, China 2 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, and Institute of Eco-Chongming (SIEC), Fudan University, 200438 Shanghai, China 3 Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, China 4CGCEO and Department of Geography, Environment, and Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA 5State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, and Institute of Eco-Chongming (SIEC), East China Normal University, 200062 Shanghai, China Collaborators

  27. The End Thanks! ygao@fudan.edu.cn

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