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Chapter 1. Bringing It all Together in Integrated Science. Sea Butterflies & Amphipods. Biology, Chemistry, and the Scientific Method . James McClintock (UA) & Bill Baker (USF) . Studying toxic chemicals used to deter predators Observed something very interesting.
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Chapter 1 Bringing It all Together in Integrated Science
Sea Butterflies & Amphipods Biology, Chemistry, and the Scientific Method
Studying toxic chemicals used to deter predatorsObserved something very interesting
Curious relationship between sea butterfly and amphipods • sea butterfly • amphipod YouTube - sea angel YouTube - Amphipods Playing!
1. Observation • Many amphipods carry sea butterflies on their backs.
2. Question Why are the amphipods “kidnapping” sea butterflies?
3. Hypothesize • The sea butterflies give amphipods a chemical defense
4. Predict • They would be able to isolate a toxic chemical from the sea butterfly • Fish that normally feed on amphipods would avoid this chemical
These were good results, but…. • Were the fish reacting to a chemical from the sea butterflies? • or • Were the fish just reacting to the feel of the sea butterflies in their mouths?
Controlled Experiment • Experiment that tests only one thing (variable) at a time. • Here they were looking for chemicals from sea butterflies
Experiment #1 • Prepared plain fish food pellets • (no sea butterfly extract) • Control Pellets
Experiment #2 • Prepared fish food pellets that contained sea butterfly extract • Experimental Pellets
6. Draw a Conclusion Sea butterflies produce a chemical deterrent.
Looking Forward….. • Possible applications as a pest repellant • Can it be useful in treating in human diseases • Need much more study