ATOMIC BASICS

1. ATOMIC BASICS

2. ELEMENTS • AN ELEMENT IS A SUBSTANCE MADE UP OF ONLY ONE KIND OF ATOM.

3. ATOMS • THE SMALLEST UNIT OF MATTER • MADE OF: PROTONS NEUTRONS ELECTRONS

4. ATOMS HAVE TWO REGIONS THE NUCLEUS AND ELECTRON CLOUD 1. NUCLEUS- MADE OF THE PROTONS AND NEUTRONS COMBINED. DETERMINES THE ATOM MASS.

5. 2. ELECTRON CLOUD - MAKES UP MOST THE ATOMS SPACE. ELECTRONS CIRCLE THE NUCLEUS IN RINGS.

6. NUCLEUS = NEUTRONS + PROTONS ELECTRONS

7. PROTONS • HAVE A POSITIVE CHARGE • ARE IN THE NUCLEUS = THE NUMBER OF ELECTRONS = THE ATOMIC NUMBER

8. NEUTRONS • ARE FOUND IN THE NUCLEUS • HAVE A NEUTRAL CHARGE

9. ELECTRONS • HAVE A NEGATIVE CHARGE • CIRCLE THE NUCLEUS IN RINGS = THE NUMBER OF PROTONS

10. ATOMIC NUMBER EQUALS # OF PROTONS(+) EQUALS # ELECTRONS(-)

11. ATOMIC MASS = PROTONS + NEUTRONS IN THE NUCLEUS

12. WHAT IS THIS ELEMENT? SINCE THERE ARE 6 ELECTRONS (-), THERE MUST BE 6 PROTONS (+). SINCE THERE ARE 6 PROTONS THE ATOMIC NUMBER IS 6. CARBON IS THE ELEMENT WITH AN ATOMIC NUMBER OF 6.

13. Dmitri Mendeleev • INVENTED THE PERIODIC TABLE • ELEMENTS ARE IN ROWS BY INCREASING ATOMIC NUMBER • PERIODS - ROWS 1-7 • GROUPS – COLUMNS 1-18

14. FAMILIES • CAN BE 1 OR MORE COLUMNS THAT ARE GROUPED TOGETHER. • THEY HAVE NAMES INSTEAD OF NUMBERS. • ARE TOGETHER BASED ON REACTING THE SAME CHEMICALLY

16. ALKALI METALS HYDROGEN IS NOT INCLUDED VERY SOFT METALS VERY REACTIVE 1 ELECTRON IN THE OUTER SHELL Image: http://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/groups2.html

17. ALKALINE EARTH METALS • REACTIVE • METALS • THEY ALWAYS • COMBINE WITH • NONMETALS Image: http://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/groups2.html

18. TRANSITION METALS GROUPS 3 – 12 LESS REACTIVE HARDER METALS CAN PUT 32 ELECTRONS IN THE LAST SHELL USED FOR JEWELRY Image: http://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/groups2.html

19. BORON FAMILY MOST ARE METALS THEY HAVE 3 ELECTRONS IN THE OUTER SHELL Image: http://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/groups2.html

20. IMPORTANT • FOR LIFE • 4 ELECTRONS • IN THE OUTER • SHELL • CONTAINS • METALS, • METALLOIDS, • AND A NON- • METAL WHICH • IS CARBON CARBON FAMILY Image: http://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/groups2.html

21. NITROGEN CONTAINS METALS, METALLOIDS, AND NON-METALS. MAKES UP 75% OF ATMOSPHERE 5 ELECTRONS IN OUTER SHELL Image: http://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/groups2.html

22. OXYGEN CONTAINS METALS, METALLOIDS, AND NONMETALS REACTIVE 6 ELECTRONS IN THE OUTER SHELL Image: http://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/groups2.html

23. HALOGEN GROUP ARE VERY REACTIVE ARE ALL NON-METALS USED AS DISINFECTANTS Image: http://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/groups2.html

24. NOBLE GASES ARE GASES NON-METALS 8 ELECTRONS IN THE OUTER SHELL Image: http://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/groups2.html

25. RARE EARTH METALS CONDUCT ELECTRICITY SOME ARE RADIOACTIVE Image: http://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/groups2.html

27. THEEND ANY QUESTIONS?