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A Linguistic Approach for Multilingual Machine Translation System

R2I ‘11. A Linguistic Approach for Multilingual Machine Translation System. Fahima Bouzit & Mohamed Tayeb Laskri. Rencontres sur la Recherche en Informatique june 12-14, 2011. Introduction Analysis Levels Machine Translation Proposed Approach: Fillmore Theory

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A Linguistic Approach for Multilingual Machine Translation System

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  1. R2I ‘11 A LinguisticApproach for Multilingual Machine Translation System FahimaBouzit & Mohamed TayebLaskri Rencontres sur la Recherche en Informatique june 12-14, 2011

  2. Introduction • AnalysisLevels • Machine Translation • Proposed Approach: • Fillmore Theory • Conceptual Dependency • Semantic Traits of Chafe • Frame Based Representation • Conclusion & Perspectives

  3. Language • Natural Language Processing(NLP)

  4. NLP Schools • Linguistic Approaches • Probabilistic (Statistical) Approaches

  5. Analysis Levels • Morphology ; • Syntax ; • Semantic ; • Pragmatic ;

  6. Machine Translation • Translation • Source language • Target language • Machine

  7. Decoding the meaning of the source text Translation Re-encoding this meaning in the target language The challenge in machine translation: how to program a computer that will "understand" a text as a person does, and that will "create" a new text in the target language that "sounds" as if it has been written by a person. This problem may be approached in a number of ways.

  8. الـمطلـوبة الـصفـحة الـصغـيرة الـطفـلـة وجـدت 1 demandé a trouvé la page petit la fille 2 la petit fille a trouvé la page demandé 3 la petite fille a trouvé la page demandée Basic Model of a Machine Translation System

  9. French sentence Arabic Sentence Analyse Construction Frame in Arabic Frame in French Translation Proposed Architecture

  10. Proposed Approach • Fillmore theory • Conceptual Dependency (Schank) • Nouns Classification (Chafe) • Frame based representation (Minsky)

  11. Fillmore theory • The sentence; • Verb = Kernel • Other components of the sentence = peripherals • Verbs typological nature

  12. The case AGENT : syntactic case = Subject. • The case OBJET : syntactic case = objectComp Or syntactic case = Subject verb mode = Passive • The case INSTRUMENT : gram case = Dative Preposition = بواسطة, باستعمال ,ب ِ

  13. The case SOURCE : grammatical case = Dative Preposition = مِنْ Or A place noun playing the role of a direct object comp of some known verbs, such us : غادر, تركlike in غادر الطفل الموقع

  14. DESTINATION : gram case = Dative Preposition = ِ لـ , ِإلى , نحوَ , صوْبَ, باتجاه Or A place noun playing the role of a direct object comp of some known verbs, such us قصد in قصد المسافر الموقع َ

  15. FURNISHER : syntactic case = Indirect object complement. Animation = Animated kind of verb = transfert verb Particule = ِمنْ or ِمن عند eg :الطفل in استلم الأستاذ من الطفل رسالة

  16. BENEFICIARY : Syn case = Direct object comp Animation = Animated Kind of verb = verb of transfert such us :أرسل , سلـّم , استلم, , أعطى, تسلـّم, حَصَل Particule = ِلِ ، إلى like الأستاذ in أرسل الطفل الرسالة الإلكترونية إلى الأستاذ Or Syn case = indirect object comp Animation = Animated Kind of verb = transfert verb like : طارق in أعطى الأب هدية لطارق

  17. Traits of Chafe المستعمل= [ (+) Animated, (+) Human, (-) Feminine, Unique, (-) (+) Concrete, (+) Potent, ] (+) Countable الشاشة= [ (-) Animated, (-) Human, (+) Feminine, (-) Unique, (+) Concrete, (+) Potent, ] (+) Countable

  18. Frames • Fig 1. General Frame

  19. Frames • Fig 2. Specialized Frame

  20. Conceptual Dependency

  21. French Sentence Arabic Sentence Analyse Construction Frame in Arabic Frame in French Translation Proposed Architecture

  22. Construction [French] • Affirmative Sentence : French: Subject Verb Object de+Source a+Destination … English: Subject Verb Object from+Source to+Destination … • Negative Sentence: French: Subject ne (n’) verb pas object … English: Subject auxiliarynotstrem … • Imperative Sentence: verb(infinitive) object…

  23. Re-organization • French • Le livreestvendu / beau • La revue estvendue/belle • Les livressontvendus / beaux • Les revues sontvendues/belles • Less in English

  24. Examples • أعاد المستعمل تسمية الملف • طبع الطفل النص بـالطابعة • طبع الطفل النص بسرعة • طبـع النص بالطابعة • نسخ المهندس قاعدةالمعلومات • أرسل الطفل رسالة إلكترونيةً إلى الأستاذ • أرسل الطفل رسالة إلكترونية إلى أستاذه

  25. The user re-named the file The Child printed the text with the printer The Child printed text The Printed text printer The Engineer copied the database The child sended an email to the teacher The child sended an email to his teacher L'utilisateur a re-nommé le fichier L’enfant a imprimé le texte avec l’imprimante Enfant a imprimé le texte rapidement Le texte a été imprimé L’ingénieur a copié la base de données L’enfant a envoyé un email à l'enseignant Envoyer un email à son enseignant

  26. Examples أعادالمستعمل تسمية الملف طبع الطفل النص بـالطابعة طبع الطفل النصبسرعة طبـع النص بالطابعة نسخ المهندس قاعدةالمعلومات أرسل الطفل رسالة إلكترونيةً إلى الأستاذ أرسل الطفل رسالة إلكترونية إلى أستاذه • L'utilisateur de renommer le fichier • Imprimante enfant du texte imprimé • Enfant texte imprimé rapidement • Imprimé imprimante texte • Ingénieur de base de données de copie • Envoyer un email à l'enfant de l'enseignant • Envoyer un email à l'enfant mentor

  27. Examples أعادالمستعمل تسمية الملف طبع الطفل النص بـالطابعة طبع الطفل النصبسرعة طبـع النص بالطابعة نسخ المهندس قاعدةالمعلومات أرسل الطفل رسالة إلكترونيةً إلى الأستاذ أرسل الطفل رسالة إلكترونية إلى أستاذه • User re-naming the file • Child printer printed text • Child printed text quickly • Printed text printer • Copy Database Engineer • Send an email to the child the teacher • Send an email to the child mentor

  28. Our translation system that some modules were exposed in this paper, takes part in the semantic processing of texts using purely linguistic tools and finds fulfillment with the DCF method as a basis. This method has been proved appropriate to the Arabic language and its particularities as to syntax and semantic sides [3][4][6]

  29. Multilingual system Enrich dictionaries to cover other domains Fusion of linguistic and probabilistic approaches

  30. Enrich dictionaries to cover other domains Rich Dictionaries WellDefinedRules + Better Translation

  31. Multilingual system Sentence in Arabic Sentence in Arabic Sentence in English Sentence in English Intern Representation « Meaning » Sentence in French Sentence in French Sentence in Italien Sentence in Italien 31

  32. Fusion of linguistic and probabilistic approaches LINGUISTIC APPROACH STATISTIC APPROACH + FUSION Better Translation

  33. Thank You !

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