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The Selective Intermediate Nodes Scheme for Ad Hoc On-Demand Routing Protocols

The Selective Intermediate Nodes Scheme for Ad Hoc On-Demand Routing Protocols. Yunjung Yi, Mario gerla and Taek Jin Kwon ICC 2002. Outline. Introduction Selective Intermediate Nodes (SIN) Characteristics Local load level measurement Reactive protocols with SIN algorithm

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The Selective Intermediate Nodes Scheme for Ad Hoc On-Demand Routing Protocols

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  1. The Selective Intermediate Nodes Scheme for Ad Hoc On-Demand Routing Protocols Yunjung Yi, Mario gerla and Taek Jin Kwon ICC 2002

  2. Outline • Introduction • Selective Intermediate Nodes (SIN) Characteristics • Local load level measurement • Reactive protocols with SIN algorithm • Simulation and experiments • Simulation Model • Simulation Results • Conclusion

  3. Introduction • The classification of ad hoc routing protocols • Proactive routing protocols • OSPF • OLSR • Reactive routing protocols • AODV • DSR

  4. Introduction • Load aware routing • Load-balanced distribution of data traffic over the network. • Efficient flooding (EF) • Permits only a subset of the network to participate in flooding. • Several potential drawbacks

  5. Selective Intermediate Nodes (SIN) Characteristics • Selective Intermediate Nodes (SIN) scheme Retrains a node base on the stress level of the local network and the cluster status. • Light Load • Moderate • Saturated

  6. Selective Intermediate Nodes (SIN) Characteristics

  7. Selective Intermediate Nodes (SIN) Characteristics • Accurate measurement of the local load • Assume each node uses 802.11 DCF MAC protocol. • Classification of channel status of an ad hoc network • IDLE、TRANSMITTING、RECEIVING and COLLISION • Accumulates the duration in • idle_time、 trans_time、 recv_time and coll_time • Ex.Idle_time = α * idle_time + (1 – α) * prev_idle_time

  8. Selective Intermediate Nodes (SIN) Characteristics • Channel utilization • Transmission probability

  9. Selective Intermediate Nodes (SIN) Characteristics • Collision duration

  10. Selective Intermediate Nodes (SIN) Characteristics • Two algorithms to decide local load level (Li) • Simple Algorithm (SMIPLE) • Fair-share Algorithm (FS)

  11. Selective Intermediate Nodes (SIN) Characteristics • SMIPLE • Li ← IDLE if Ui < CHANNEL_IDLE_THRESHOLD • Li ← SATURATED and ClusterStatus← ORDINARY NODE if (Ui > Pmax + p) or (Qi > QUEUE_THRESHOLD) • Otherwise, Li ← MODERATE

  12. Selective Intermediate Nodes (SIN) Characteristics • Fair-share Algorithm（FS） • Li ← SATURATED and ClusterStatus ← ORDINARY NODE if (Ui > Pmax + p) or (Qi > QUEUE_THRESHOLD) or (ANi > 2 and TXi > TRANSopt) • Optimal transmission probability

  13. D Time out RREQ RREP S Selective Intermediate Nodes (SIN) Characteristics AODV Example

  14. Selective Intermediate Nodes (SIN) Characteristics • Reactive Protocols with SIN algorithm • AODV (Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector Routing) • When a new RREQ comes in with TTL greater than “0” • When the local load level (Li) is • IDLE : every node forwards the RREQ • MODERATE : only cluster heads and gateways forward RREQ • SATURATED : every node stops forwarding

  15. N1-N2 N2 N1-N3-N5 N5 N8 N1 N1 N1-N3-N4 N1-N3-N4-N7 N1-N3-N4 N4 N7 N1 N3 N1-N3 N6 N1-N3-N4-N6 N1-N3-N4 Selective Intermediate Nodes (SIN) Characteristics Destination Source DSR Example: route request

  16. N2 N1-N2-N5-N8 N1-N2-N5-N8 N1-N2-N5-N8 N5 N8 N1 N4 N7 N3 N6 Selective Intermediate Nodes (SIN) Characteristics Destination Source DSR Example: route reply

  17. Selective Intermediate Nodes (SIN) Characteristics • DSR (Dynamic Source Routing) • When a new RREQ comes in with TTL greater than “0” • The same mechanism in the modification of AODV • When Li -> IDLE or Li -> MODRATE and node is a (cluster head or gateway) • When a node learns a shorter path than current path to the destination, sends a “gratuitous”reply only • An intermediate node initiate the route reply if it already knows the route to the destination

  18. Simulation and experiments • Simulation Model

  19. Simulation and experiments • Simulation Model

  20. Simulation and experiments • Simulation Results • Testing with Increasing Offered Load

  21. Simulation and experiments • Simulation Results • Testing with Increasing Offered Load

  22. Simulation and experiments • Simulation Results • Testing with Increasing Offered Load

  23. Simulation and experiments • Simulation Results • Testing with Increasing Offered Load

  24. Simulation and experiments • Simulation Results • Testing with Increasing Offered Load

  25. Simulation and experiments • Simulation Results • Testing with Increasing Offered Load

  26. Simulation and experiments • Simulation Results • Testing with Increasing Offered Load

  27. Simulation and experiments • Simulation Results • Testing Scalability and Adaptability with Increasing the Number of Node

  28. Conclusion • Provide two algorithms that decide the saturation point. • Proposed Selective Intermediate Nodes scheme that controls the offered load.

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