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Chapter 6

Chapter 6. Barriers of the Body. Interfaces with the outside. Barriers of the Body. Skin, Lungs, and Digestive System The controlled exchange of molecules and heat Warm blooded animals are very expensive Rapidly turning over cells Damage repair. The Skin. The surface barrier of the Body

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Chapter 6

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  1. Chapter 6 Barriers of the Body Interfaces with the outside

  2. Barriers of the Body • Skin, Lungs, and Digestive System • The controlled exchange of molecules and heat • Warm blooded animals are very expensive • Rapidly turning over cells • Damage repair

  3. The Skin • The surface barrier of the Body • Skin cells • Replacement skin cells • A few hairs • Sweat glands • Nerves (information: touch, temperature, and pain)

  4. Heat, what is it? Heat Capacity Heat Transfer

  5. Control of Body Temperature Information in to the brain >Surface sensors: “I feel hot or cold” >Temperature of blood circulating to the brain

  6. Why is Heat Important? • 106° F: Fried Brains • 86 ° F: Dysfunctional Brain unable to warm its self • Rate of reactions is a function of temperature • Reactions are energy transfer among molecules • To much heat destroys large molecules

  7. Heat Exchange • Three Processes • Radiation • Conduction • Evaporation

  8. Radiation Put something in between and it is blocked

  9. Conduction • Moves heat around the body and to the surface of the body • Molecules of water bumping into each other • Sweat is water containing heat that can be “thrown away”

  10. Evaporation and Convection Warmer, Moist Air Warmer, Moist Air Evaporation Evaporation Colder, DRY Air Colder, DRY Air

  11. Temperature Regulation

  12. Drunk

  13. Lungs • Gas exchange • Composition of Air • 78% Nitrogen (N2) • 21% Oxygen (O2) • .04% Carbon Dioxide (CO2) • Traces of other gasses

  14. Breathing

  15. Bronchial Tree

  16. Hemoglobin >Binds O2 >The concentration of O2 controls the ability of Hb to bind O2 Only free O2 plays in the concentration game Only free CO2 plays in the concentration game Molecules flow from a high concentration to a low concentration

  17. Sinks Oxygen sink 2O2 + Hb HbO4 A sink is a way to remove O2 and CO2 from the concentration game Carbon Dioxide Sink CO2 + H2O H2CO3H+ + HCO3-

  18. Lungs: Gas exchange Blood

  19. Tissues: Gas exchange Water around cells Blood in capillary

  20. Control of Respiration

  21. Other Factors • Stress: Open airways, increase depth of breathing, increase blood flow • pH: drug or condition that changes blood H+ concentration • Drugs: Any drug that depresses brain function

  22. Digestion

  23. Digestive System >What we put in Protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamins, minerals, water >Three processes Movement Breaking up big molecules Absorption into blood

  24. Mouth Why your mother told you not to talk and eat at the same time

  25. Stomach • More water plus H+ Cl- • Digestive enzymes thatare “ turned on” by H+ • H+ destabilizesbondsin protein between amino acids

  26. Small Intestine • Put in OH- to neutralize H+ • H+ + OH- H2O • “Turns off” protein digestive enzymes • Fat digestion: bile salts make oil and water mix • Absorption into blood

  27. Absorption Sifting the stream for molecules and other nutrients Nutrient filled blood goes to the liver (Hepatic Portal Vein)

  28. Large Intestine • Additional digestine by bacteria • Water recovery

  29. Control of Digestive System • If you eat and when you eat • What you eat • Movement • Release of secretions • Distribution of Blood

  30. Problems with Digestion • Excessive stomach acid • Mild: heartburn • Severe: ulcers Drugs Antacids: H+ + OH- H2O , disturbs blood pH, acid rebound Tagamet, Pepcid etc: Antihistamine that blocks production of HCl

  31. Other Problems with Digestion • Malabsorption (small intestine) eg celiacs disease an autoimmune disease • People do not spend enough time on digestion and absorption • Many drugs cause acid production: coffee, tea, coke, alcohol, heart medicine • Antibiotics can kill the “good” bacteria in the large intestine

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