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Vehicles for Fortification, Single vs. Multiple Fortification , Technology and Cost: Fortification of Cereals, Rice, Oil and Sugar. Héctor Cori New Delhi, 7 January 2011. Why fortify?. Preventing up to four out of ten childhood deaths* Lowering maternal deaths by more than one third**
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Vehicles for Fortification, Single vs. Multiple Fortification, Technology and Cost: Fortification of Cereals, Rice, Oil and Sugar Héctor Cori New Delhi, 7 January 2011.
Why fortify? • Preventing up to four out of ten childhood deaths* • Lowering maternal deaths by more than one third** • Increasing work capacity up to 20%** • Improving population IQ by 10-15 points*** The Micronutrient Initiative, 2004. *Derives mainly from Vitamin A **Derives mainly from iron nutrition ***Derives mainly from iodine sufficiency
Why staple food fortification • affordable • easy • effective • no change of staple food in color or taste. • no change in dietary habits
B a t c h Cont. Flow Dilution Fortification of Fats and Oils
Shellac Coating Rice fortification technologies Extruded Natural kernel
Fortification of Rice Extrusor
Food fortification through premixes Heterogeneous System
Premix quality depends on homogeneity Homogeneousand stable system
Homogeneity depends on equipment • Design and construction that guarantees safety and efficiency • SOPs for operation and cleaning of each one • Preventive maintenance program • Optimal mixing time validation
Premix quality also relies on plant hygiene • Avoid external contamination • Avoid cross contamination • Ease cleaning • Adequate humidity and temperature • Clean air • Area separation • Restricted access • Microbiological monitoring
Effectiveness will depend on adequate stable vitamin forms DSM Nutritional Products: Internal trials, 2000-2001.
Stability will also depend on packaging • Hygienic process • Protection material • Physical • Microbiological • Humidity • Oxygen • Exact weighing • Labeling • Identification • Lot • Best use before date • Others
Premix quality is preserved through adequate storage • Separate areas • Temperature and humidity control • Inventory rotation • Cleaning and plague control • QA approved product entry only • Correct labeling
Premix quality is guaranteed through Quality Assurance • Content control • Mixer control • Supplier control • Auto-inspections • Validations • Analytical methods • Mixing times • Homogeneity • Counter samples • Traceability
Premix quality is proved through documentation • Internal • Manufacturing order • Weight control • RM addition sequence • Equipments used • Operations description • Annotations • Authorizations • Analytical controls • External • Specifications • Certificate of analysis • Others Composition Sheets Manufacturing principles Specifications and Tests Product Data Sheets Stability data Safety Data Sheets Residual solvents GMO statements BSE statements Order Manual Kosher/Halal certificates
Premix quality is certified through external referents • ISO norms • GMP • HACCP • Codex Alimentarius • Other international directives GMP HACCP
No compromise on quality Low quality micronutrients are not only deceiving the customers. They deceive the most vulnerable, the malnourished.
Chances for success are maximized depending on which MNs are used
Vitamin A fortification of sugar improves serum iron in preschool children (Guatemala) Mejía, LA, Arroyave, G, 1982.
Estimated Fortificant Costs to Reach Nutritional Goals Through Food Fortification 1: Includes processing and storage overages. Source: Modified from Omar Dary A2Z- 18 Sept. 2007
Benefit: Or the costs of malnutrition Based on the UNICEF/MI publication: “Vitamin & Mineral Deficiencies: A global damage assessment report, 2004 Fortification Cost: 100% coverage at 50% daily requirement of A, B1, B2, PP, B12,I + 100% of FA and Fe
Effective fortification is affordable, ineffective fortification is expensive.
Public Health Benefit as a Function of the Quality of the Program Optimal Intervention Public Health Benefit Minimal Intervention Time