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Computer Organization and Architecture

Computer Organization and Architecture. Introduction. Nadeem Majeed choudhary nadeem.majeed@uettaxila.edu.pk. Architecture & Organization 1. Architecture is those attributes visible to the programmer

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Computer Organization and Architecture

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  1. Computer Organization and Architecture Introduction Nadeem Majeed choudhary nadeem.majeed@uettaxila.edu.pk

  2. Architecture & Organization 1 • Architecture is those attributes visible to the programmer • Instruction set, number of bits used for data representation, I/O mechanisms, addressing techniques. • e.g. Is there a multiply instruction? • Organization is how features are implemented • Control signals, interfaces, memory technology. • e.g. Is there a hardware multiply unit or is it done by repeated addition?

  3. Architecture & Organization 2 • All Intel x86 family share the same basic architecture • The IBM System/370 family share the same basic architecture • This gives code compatibility • At least backwards • Organization differs between different versions

  4. Structure & Function • Structure is the way in which components relate to each other • Function is the operation of individual components as part of the structure

  5. Function • All computer functions are: • Data processing • Data storage • Data movement • Control

  6. Functional View

  7. Operations (a) Data movement

  8. Operations (b) Storage

  9. Operation (c) Processing from/to storage

  10. Operation (d)Processing from storage to I/O

  11. Structure - Top Level Computer Peripherals Central Processing Unit Main Memory Computer Systems Interconnection Input Output Communication lines

  12. Structure - The CPU CPU Arithmetic and Login Unit Computer Registers I/O System Bus CPU Internal CPU Interconnection Memory Control Unit

  13. Structure - The Control Unit Control Unit CPU Sequencing Login ALU Control Unit Internal Bus Control Unit Registers and Decoders Registers Control Memory

  14. Outline of the Book (1) • Computer Evolution and Performance • Computer Interconnection Structures • Internal Memory • External Memory • Input/Output • Operating Systems Support • Computer Arithmetic • Instruction Sets

  15. Outline of the Book (2) • CPU Structure and Function • Reduced Instruction Set Computers • Superscalar Processors • Control Unit Operation • Microprogrammed Control • Multiprocessors and Vector Processing • Digital Logic (Appendix)

  16. Internet Resources- Web site for book • http://WilliamStallings.com/COA/COA7e.html • links to sites of interest • links to sites for courses that use the book • errata list for book • information on other books by W. Stallings • http://WilliamStallings.com/StudentSupport.html • Math • How-to • Research resources • Misc

  17. Internet Resources- Web sites to look for • WWW Computer Architecture Home Page • CPU Info Center • Processor Emporium • ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Architecture • IEEE Technical Committee on Computer Architecture • Intel Technology Journal • Manufacturer’s sites • Intel, IBM, etc.

  18. ?

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