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Overview of biodiversity finance mechanisms

Overview of biodiversity finance mechanisms. Katia Karousakis , OECD Environment Directorate Transformative Initiatives 16 October 2014, Rio Pavillion event @ CBD COP-12 Pyeonchang , Korea. What are finance mechanisms for biodiversity?. Not necessarily mutually exclusive.

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Overview of biodiversity finance mechanisms

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  1. Overview of biodiversity finance mechanisms Katia Karousakis, OECD Environment Directorate Transformative Initiatives 16 October 2014, Rio Pavillion event @ CBD COP-12 Pyeonchang, Korea

  2. What are finance mechanisms for biodiversity? Not necessarily mutually exclusive • CBD has referred to six “innovative financial mechanisms”: • Environmental fiscal reform (taxes, fees, charges) • Payments for ecosystem services • Biodiversity offsets • Markets for green products • Biodiversity in climate change funding (e.g. REDD+) • Biodiversity in international development finance Other finance sources/instruments for biodiversity include: • Regular domestic budget • Green bonds • Endowment funds, etc • Tradable development rights • Other…

  3. Scaling-up Finance Mechanisms for Biodiversity Questions examined • What are these mechanisms, their purpose and applicability? • How much finance have they mobilised and what opportunities are there to scale-up? • What are the key design and implementation issues of each mechanism to help ensure: • environmental effectiveness; • cost effectiveness; and • distributional equity • i.e. environmental and social safeguards?

  4. Characteristics/typology of finance mechanisms

  5. How much finance have they mobilised?

  6. Need to scale up finance for biodiversity … and spend finance more effectively Some examples: • Norway reduced subsidies to fisheries by 80% between 1981 and 1994 (from NOK 1.3b to 200 million) and to NOK 50 million by 2008 • Ghana eliminated fuel subsidies in 2005 • Tasmanian Forest Conservation Fund, Australia Prioritisation/targeting of payments led to > 50% more cost-effective investments • Local PES programme in Conestoga watershed, USA Differentiated payments led to 7-fold increase in cost-effectiveness Source: OECD (2010) Paying for Biodiversity: Enhancing the Cost-Effectiveness of Payments for Ecosystem Services; OECD (2013) Scaling Up Finance Mechanisms for Biodiversity; CBD Technical Series # 56

  7. Examples of strengths and challenges…

  8. Thank you! www.oecd.org/env/biodiversity Recent and forthcoming OECD work: • Paying for Biodiversity: Enhancing the Cost-Effectiveness of Payments for Ecosystem Services (2010) • Scaling Up Finance Mechanisms for Biodiversity (2013) • The Role of National Ecosystem Assessments in Influencing Policy Making (2014) • Biodiversity Offsets : Effective Design and Implementation (forthcoming 2014) • Policy Response Indicators for Biodiversity: Aichi Target 3 and 20 (forthcoming 2014). Contact: katia.karousakis@oecd.org

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